论文标题
关于确定性和可分解布尔电路的基于Shap得分的解释的障碍
The Tractability of SHAP-Score-Based Explanations over Deterministic and Decomposable Boolean Circuits
论文作者
论文摘要
基于莎普利值的分数广泛用于为机器学习模型提供分类结果的解释。一个典型的例子是影响力的外观得分,这是Shapley值的版本,它可以通过为每个功能分配分数来帮助解释特定实体的学习模型的结果。虽然总体计算shapley值是一个在计算上棘手的问题,但最近声称可以在决策树的类别中以多项式时间计算摇杆得分。在本文中,我们提供了与布尔模型相比的更强结果的证明:可以在确定性和可分解的布尔电路的多项式时间内计算出摇摆得分。这样的电路,也称为可拖动布尔电路,概括了广泛的布尔电路和二进制决策图类,包括二进制决策树,订购了二进制决策图(OBDDS)和自由二进制决策图(FBDDS)。我们还通过观察到,在温和的条件下,在一类布尔模型上计算它的计算限制始终与该类别的模型计数问题一样困难。这意味着确定性和可分解性都是我们认为的电路的重要属性,因为删除一个或另一个电路会导致计算变形得分棘手的问题(即#p-hard)。
Scores based on Shapley values are widely used for providing explanations to classification results over machine learning models. A prime example of this is the influential SHAP-score, a version of the Shapley value that can help explain the result of a learned model on a specific entity by assigning a score to every feature. While in general computing Shapley values is a computationally intractable problem, it has recently been claimed that the SHAP-score can be computed in polynomial time over the class of decision trees. In this paper, we provide a proof of a stronger result over Boolean models: the SHAP-score can be computed in polynomial time over deterministic and decomposable Boolean circuits. Such circuits, also known as tractable Boolean circuits, generalize a wide range of Boolean circuits and binary decision diagrams classes, including binary decision trees, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (OBDDs) and Free Binary Decision Diagrams (FBDDs). We also establish the computational limits of the notion of SHAP-score by observing that, under a mild condition, computing it over a class of Boolean models is always polynomially as hard as the model counting problem for that class. This implies that both determinism and decomposability are essential properties for the circuits that we consider, as removing one or the other renders the problem of computing the SHAP-score intractable (namely, #P-hard).