论文标题

在28nM UTBB FD-SOI中,基于芯片的预测模型的片上芯片体偏见调节策略

Performance-Aware Predictive-Model-Based On-Chip Body-Bias Regulation Strategy for an ULP Multi-Core Cluster in 28nm UTBB FD-SOI

论文作者

Di Mauro, Alfio, Rossi, Davide, Pullini, Antonio, Flatresse, Philippe, Benini, Luca

论文摘要

超低功率(ULP)计算平台的性能和可靠性受环境温度和过程变化的不利影响。当这些设备接近阈值时,由于过程变化的放大和强烈的温度反转效应,这些现象的效果变得至关重要,这会影响低压角的先进技术节点,从而导致较大的高架开销,这是由于定时关闭的余地。 UTBB FD-SOI技术支持扩展的反向和前向身体偏置,提供了强大的旋钮来补偿这种变化。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种方法,以最大程度地利用运行时,在接近阈值的ULP平台上利用身体偏见。所提出的方法依赖于在线性能测量,并结合片上低功率体偏置发生器的过程监视块(PMB)。我们将PMBS执行的测量与系统的最大可实现频率相关联,该预测模型能够以0.7V的误差为9.7%进行估算。为了最大程度地减少过程变化的效果,我们提出了一个校准程序,该程序允许仅使用受温度诱导的误差影响的PMB模型,该模型将频率估计误差降低2.4倍(从9.7%降低到4%)。我们最终提出了一个依靠派生模型在运行时自动调节车身偏置电压自动调节的控制器体系结构。我们证明,针对环境温度变化调节身体偏置电压的泄漏功率可降低2倍,当系统在0.7V和170MHz时,全球能量消耗提高了15%

The performance and reliability of Ultra-Low-Power (ULP) computing platforms are adversely affected by environmental temperature and process variations. Mitigating the effect of these phenomena becomes crucial when these devices operate near-threshold, due to the magnification of process variations and to the strong temperature inversion effect that affects advanced technology nodes in low-voltage corners, which causes huge overhead due to margining for timing closure. Supporting an extended range of reverse and forward body-bias, UTBB FD-SOI technology provides a powerful knob to compensate for such variations. In this work we propose a methodology to maximize energy efficiency at run-time exploiting body biasing on a ULP platform operating near-threshold. The proposed method relies on on-line performance measurements by means of Process Monitoring Blocks (PMBs) coupled with an on-chip low-power body bias generator. We correlate the measurement performed by the PMBs to the maximum achievable frequency of the system, deriving a predictive model able to estimate it with an error of 9.7% at 0.7V. To minimize the effect of process variations we propose a calibration procedure that allows to use a PMB model affected by only the temperature-induced error, which reduces the frequency estimation error by 2.4x (from 9.7% to 4%). We finally propose a controller architecture relying on the derived models to automatically regulate at run-time the body bias voltage. We demonstrate that adjusting the body bias voltage against environmental temperature variations leads up to 2X reduction in the leakage power and a 15% improvement on the global energy consumption when the system operates at 0.7V and 170MHz

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