论文标题

量子动力学理论:相关性和联系

Quantum kinetic theory: correlations and linking

论文作者

Hannay, John

论文摘要

从经典上讲,完美气体的动力学理论在不同点之间的空间数密度相关性为零,因为粒子是独立的。但是,关节空间和时间相关是非零(易于计算),因为每个粒子都以直线移动。粒子通量密度相关性相同。同等的“量子动力学理论”相关性通过Feynman路径及其直接访问几何和拓扑来评估。计算是准确的,得出已知的特殊功能,但实际上是原始的。没有热浴,也没有调用多粒子统计(因此,气体是“玻尔兹曼”)。实际上,它正式地减少了布朗循环的布朗运动的路径分析(合适的分析性继续)。检查结果是其正确的经典限制。注意通量密度相关性的历史综合及其拓扑意义。粒子的随机路径在存在任意形状的固定假设的箍的情况下,通过反复或负面地通过它来积累随机的链接数。平均值为零,而平均正方形是无限的。兴趣在于两个单独的任意箍上:链接数是相关的,它们的平均产品线性增长,并根据通量密度相关性计算。对于带电的粒子,这将产生相关性的诱导的安培磁循环。

Classically the kinetic theory for a perfect gas has zero spatial number density correlation between separate points because the particles are independent. But the joint spatial and temporal correlation is non-zero (and easily calculable) because each individual particle moves in a straight line. The same holds for particle flux density correlation. The equivalent 'quantum kinetic theory' correlations are evaluated here via Feynman paths with their direct access to geometry and topology. The calculation is exact, yielding known special functions, but it is quite primitive physically. No heat bath, and no multi-particle statistics are invoked (the gas is thus 'Boltzmann'). Formally it reduces to path analysis of Brownian motion, in fact, of Brownian loops (suitably analytically continued). A check of the results is their correct classical limit. Attention is paid to the all-time-integral of the flux density correlation, with its topological significance. A particle's random path, in the presence of a fixed hypothetical hoop of arbitrary shape, accumulates a random linking number by repeatedly passing through it, positively or negatively. The mean is zero and the mean square is infinite, uninformatively. The interest lies in two separate arbitrary hoops: the linking numbers are correlated, their average product grows linearly, and is calculated from the flux density correlation. For a charged particle this would produce a correlation the induced Ampere magnetic circulation around the hoops.

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