论文标题
在本地能源系统的短期操作中执行年度排放限制
Enforcing Annual Emission Constraints in Short-Term Operation of Local Energy Systems
论文作者
论文摘要
本文提出了新的方法，以确保设计的邻里能量系统的目的是零排放，实际上以允许其在其一生中达到净零排放的方式运行。本文强调了在设计此类社区的能源系统时考虑现实的操作策略的必要性。它还提出了可以在Zens运行中使用以确保碳中立性的方法。在PV的数量有限的情况下（PVLIM）且没有（基础）时，首先提出了用于设计零排放邻域（ZEN）能源系统（ZEN）的能源系统的优化模型，并用于为挪威南部的校园设计两个设计。然后引入几种操作方法，以比较其运营成本以及二氧化碳排放和补偿。这些方法是完美的远见，用作参考（参考），纯粹的经济模型预测控制（E-MPC），如果偏离排放靶标（EME-MPC），则受到惩罚的MPC，以及在一年中我们在一年中具有净零发射约束（RH-MPC）的回收率MPC。在基本情况下，所得的能源系统是PV，热泵，燃气锅炉和热量存储，在PVLIM情况下，PV量较小，CHP植物和热量存储。在基本案例中，所有操作策略都设法达到零排放，这主要是由于从PV获得的被动补偿。 RH-MPC的成本最低。在PVLIM案件中，PV的被动效应不足以达到零排放净出现，并且需要专门考虑排放的操作方法。 EME-MPC达到了最低的排放，但成本要高得多。我们得出的结论是，最好的总体策略是RH-MPC，它既维持成本和排放量的平衡，又可以通过完美的远见来接近参考案例。
This paper presents new methods for ensuring that the energy system of a neighborhood that is designed with the objective of being zero emission is actually operated in a way that allows it to reach net zero emissions in its lifetime. This paper highlights the necessity of taking into account realistic operation strategies when designing the energy system of such neighborhoods. It also suggests methods that can be used in the operation of ZENs to ensure carbon neutrality. An optimization model for designing the energy system of a Zero Emission Neighborhood (ZEN) is first presented and used to produce two designs for a campus in the South of Norway in the case where the amount of PV is limited (PVlim) and when it is not (Base). Several operation approaches are then introduced to compare their operation cost and the CO2 emissions and compensations. These approaches are perfect foresight used as a reference (Ref.),a purely economic model predictive control (E-MPC), an MPC with penalization if deviating from emission targets (EmE-MPC)and a receding horizon MPC where we have a net zero emission constraint over the year (RH-MPC). The resulting energy systems are, in the Base case, PV, heat pumps, a gas boiler and heat storage and, in the PVlim case, a smaller amount of PV, a CHP plant, and heat storage. In the Base case all operation strategies manage to reach net zero emissions, largely due to the passive compensations obtained from the PV. RH-MPC offers the lowest cost. In the PVlim case, the passive effect of the PV is not sufficient to reach net zero emissions and an operation approach specifically taking into account the emissions is necessary. EmE-MPC achieves the lowest emissions but it comes at a much higher cost. We conclude that the best overall strategy is RH-MPC which maintains both the cost and the emission-compensation balance close to the reference case with perfect foresight.
