论文标题
闪电优化：阈值机制可确保最小路径流量
Lightning optimizes: a threshold mechanism ensures minimum-path flow
论文作者
论文摘要
线性电阻电网络的著名特性是，电流分布最小化了总消散能量。当电路包含具有非线性单调特性的电阻时，电流分布通常会最小化不同的功能。我们表明，如果非线性特性是阈值样函数，并且能量发生器集中在单点中，例如在闪电或介电排放的情况下，则电流流沿单个路径集中，这是与阈值相对于地面的最小路径。我们还提出了一个动态模型，该模型解释和定性地重现了闪电瞬态行为：初始生成几个等离子体分支，随后解雇所有分支，但首先到达地面的分支，这是最佳的分支。
A well-known property of linear resistive electrical networks is that the current distribution minimizes the total dissipated energy. When the circuit includes resistors with nonlinear monotonic characteristic, the current distribution minimizes in general a different functional. We show that, if the nonlinear characteristic is a threshold-like function and the energy generator is concentrated in a single point, as in the case of lightning or dielectric discharge, then the current flow is concentrated along a single path, which is a minimum path to the ground with respect to the threshold. We also propose a dynamic model that explains and qualitatively reproduces the lightning transient behaviour: initial generation of several plasma branches and subsequent dismissal of all branches but the one reaching the ground first, which is the optimal one.
