论文标题
来自私人数据的公共物品 - 数字联系跟踪的功效和理由悖论
Public Goods From Private Data -- An Efficacy and Justification Paradox for Digital Contact Tracing
论文作者
论文摘要
关于采用数字接触跟踪（DCT）应用程序来控制Covid-19的传播的辩论重点是个人隐私的风险（Sharma＆Bashir 2020，Tang 2020）。这种重点揭示了DCT道德部署的重大挑战，但产生了限制，破坏了实施DCT的理由。将这一结果仅视为道德远见卓识分析（Floridi＆Strait 2020）的成功运作，从而阻止了潜在的有害技术的部署，这将是一个错误。以隐私为中心的分析将数据视为私有财产，将个人与政府之间的关系视为对抗性，以守门员为基础的技术平台，并支持对紧急公共卫生权威的概念，受到个人同意和相当大的公司影响的限制，这与更具社区价值的张力构成了较高的公共卫生价值。为了克服道德和有效DCT的障碍，并制定支持实现数字技术潜在公共利益的基础架构和政策，应开发一个汇总数据的公共资源概念。
Debate about the adoption of digital contact tracing (DCT) apps to control the spread of COVID-19 has focussed on risks to individual privacy (Sharma & Bashir 2020, Tang 2020). This emphasis reveals significant challenges to ethical deployment of DCT, but generates constraints which undermine justification to implement DCT. It would be a mistake to view this result solely as the successful operation of ethical foresight analysis (Floridi & Strait 2020), preventing deployment of potentially harmful technology. Privacy-centric analysis treats data as private property, frames the relationship between individuals and governments as adversarial, entrenches technology platforms as gatekeepers, and supports a conception of emergency public health authority as limited by individual consent and considerable corporate influence that is in some tension with the more communitarian values that typically inform public health ethics. To overcome the barriers to ethical and effective DCT, and develop infrastructure and policy that supports the realization of potential public benefits of digital technology, a public resource conception of aggregate data should be developed.
