论文标题
从物理和社会心理学的角度来看，在入口处瓶颈前的人群
Crowds in front of bottlenecks at entrances from the perspective of physics and social psychology
论文作者
论文摘要
本文介绍了基于一系列瓶颈实验对人群动态的身体和社会心理影响的跨学科研究。对于诸如人群管理和紧急路线设计等应用程序，瓶颈特别感兴趣，因为它们限制了设施的性能。除了先前关于瓶颈中动力学的工作外，本研究还集中于瓶颈前面的动力学，更具体地说是在入口处。实验设置模拟了一个入口场景，其中包括一个由入口门（用作瓶颈）和障碍物形成的走廊组成的音乐会。所检查的参数是走廊宽度，动机程度和社会排队规范的启动。该分析基于头部轨迹和问卷。我们表明，每平方米人的密度取决于动机，并且随着走廊宽度的增加而不断增加，这意味着可以通过减少空间来实现密度降低。与观察到的其他走廊宽度相比，最狭窄的走廊被评为更公平，更舒适，并且表现出较少的不公平行为。推动行为被认为是矛盾的：它被评为不公平，并被列为更快访问的策略。
This article presents an interdisciplinary study of physical and social psychological effects on crowd dynamics based on a series of bottleneck experiments. Bottlenecks are of particular interest for applications such as crowd management and design of emergency routes because they limit the performance of a facility. In addition to previous work on the dynamics within the bottleneck, this study focuses on the dynamics in front of the bottleneck, more specifically, at entrances. The experimental setup simulates an entrance scenario to a concert consisting of an entrance gate (serving as bottleneck) and a corridor formed by barriers. The parameters examined are the corridor width, degree of motivation and priming of the social norm of queuing. The analysis is based on head trajectories and questionnaires. We show that the density of persons per square metre depends on motivation and also increases continuously with increasing corridor width meaning that a density reduction can be achieved by a reduction of space. In comparison to other corridor widths observed, the narrowest corridor is rated as being fairer, more comfortable and as showing less unfair behaviour. Pushing behaviour is seen as ambivalent: it is rated as unfair and listed as a strategy for faster access.
