论文标题
大型星系阻碍了大量流出
Massive Galaxies Impede Massive Outflows
论文作者
论文摘要
一组66 3D流体动力学模拟探讨了银河恒星质量如何影响三相，星爆驱动的流出。将模拟速度与两个基本分析模型进行了比较：（Johnson \＆Axford 1971）和没有（Chevalier \＆Clegg 1985）具有引力潜力。对于恒星质量$ <10^{10} $太阳能质量，模拟速度与分析模型的速度相匹配，并且不受电位影响；上面它们按重力分析模型显着减少。重力也会影响总流出质量，而三个阶段中的每个阶段都不同。热，温暖和冷阶段的流出质量分别为$ \ log m _*= $ -0.25，-0.97和-1.70。因此，应修改常用的Chevalier \＆Clegg分析模型，以包括将重力应用于较高的质量星系时。特别是，使用M82作为典型的星系来解释来自较高质量星系的Starburst驱动流出的流体动力学模拟，将低估重力的阻滞作用。使用Johnson \＆Axford的分析模型具有逼真的热效率和质量负载，我发现只有小于$ \ sim10^{11.5} $太阳能大量的星系质量才能流出。
A set of 66 3D hydrodynamical simulations explores how galactic stellar mass affects three-phase, starburst-driven outflows. Simulated velocities are compared to two basic analytic models: with (Johnson \& Axford 1971) and without (Chevalier \& Clegg 1985) a gravitational potential. For stellar mass $<10^{10}$ solar masses, simulated velocities match those of both analytical models and are unaffected by the potential; above they reduce significantly as expected from the analytic model with gravity. Gravity also affects total outflow mass and each of the three phases differently. Outflow mass in the hot, warm, and cold phases each scale with stellar mass as $\log M_*=$ -0.25, -0.97, and -1.70, respectively. Thus, the commonly used Chevalier \& Clegg analytic model should be modified to include gravity when applied to higher mass galaxies. In particular, using M82 as the canonical galaxy to interpret hydrodynamical simulations of starburst-driven outflows from higher mass galaxies will underestimate the retarding effect of gravity. Using the analytic model of Johnson \& Axford with realistic thermalization efficiency and mass loading I find that only galaxy masses that are less than $\sim10^{11.5}$ solar masses can outflow.
