论文标题
冷木星和过境超级地球往返$π$男人之间高度相互倾向的证据
Evidence for a high mutual inclination between the cold Jupiter and transiting super Earth orbiting $π$ Men
论文作者
论文摘要
$π$ Men hosts a transiting super Earth ($P\approx6.27$ d, $m\approx4.82$ $M_{\oplus}$, $R\approx2.04$ $R_{\oplus}$) discovered by TESS and a cold Jupiter ($P\approx2093$ d, $m \sin I\approx10.02$ $ m _ {\ rm {jup}} $，$ e \ oft0.64 $）从radial速度发现。我们使用Gaia Dr2和Hipparcos天文学来得出由轨道行星引起的恒星的速度，并限制了冷木星的天空投影倾斜度（$ i_b = 41-65^{\ circ} $）。由此，我们得出了两个行星之间的相互倾斜度（$Δi$），并发现$ 49^{\ circ}<δi<131^{\ circ} $（1 $σ$）和$ 28^{\ circ} <δi<δi<152^{\ circ} $（\ circ} $（2 $）。我们使用$ n $ body模拟检查系统的动力学，并发现超级地球的偏心和倾斜度中潜在的大型振荡被一般相对论的进动抑制了。然而，围绕不变平面的内部轨道的淋巴结进程导致超级地球仅在7-22％的时间之间，通常被观察到与恒星自旋轴未对准的时间。我们重复对HAT-P-11的分析，发现其近距离的Neptune和Cold Jupiter和类似动力学之间的$ΔI$。 $π$男性和HAT-P-11是系统的主要例子，动态热的外行星激发了其内部行星，其影响增加了行星偏心率，行星明星的未对准以及潜在地减少过境多样性的影响。这种系统的形成可能涉及在多个巨型行星或未对准的原星盘之间散射。 $π$男性中微弱的碎屑光盘的未来成像以及在恒星旋转方向上的精确约束将为这些地层方案提供强有力的测试。
$π$ Men hosts a transiting super Earth ($P\approx6.27$ d, $m\approx4.82$ $M_{\oplus}$, $R\approx2.04$ $R_{\oplus}$) discovered by TESS and a cold Jupiter ($P\approx2093$ d, $m \sin I\approx10.02$ $M_{\rm{Jup}}$, $e\approx0.64$) discovered from radial velocity. We use Gaia DR2 and Hipparcos astrometry to derive the star's velocity caused by the orbiting planets and constrain the cold Jupiter's sky-projected inclination ($I_b=41-65^{\circ}$). From this we derive the mutual inclination ($ΔI$) between the two planets, and find that $49^{\circ}< ΔI < 131^{\circ}$ (1$σ$), and $28^{\circ} < ΔI < 152^{\circ}$ (2$σ$). We examine the dynamics of the system using $N$-body simulations, and find that potentially large oscillations in the super Earth's eccentricity and inclination are suppressed by general relativistic precession. However, nodal precession of the inner orbit around the invariable plane causes the super Earth to only transit between 7-22 per cent of the time, and to usually be observed as misaligned with the stellar spin axis. We repeat our analysis for HAT-P-11, finding a large $ΔI$ between its close-in Neptune and cold Jupiter and similar dynamics. $π$ Men and HAT-P-11 are prime examples of systems where dynamically hot outer planets excite their inner planets, with the effects of increasing planet eccentricities, planet-star misalignments, and potentially reducing the transit multiplicity. Formation of such systems likely involves scattering between multiple giant planets or misaligned protoplanetary discs. Future imaging of the faint debris disc in $π$ Men and precise constraints on the stellar spin orientation would provide strong tests for these formation scenarios.
