论文标题
自主时间概率浓度：发条和热力学的第二定律
Autonomous Temporal Probability Concentration: Clockworks and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
论文作者
论文摘要
根据热力学的说法，熵的不可避免的增加使过去与未来有所区别。从这个角度来看，任何时钟都必须结合一个不可逆的过程，该过程允许跟踪这种熵流。此外，时钟的组成部分是发条，也就是说，该系统的目的是在暂时集中驱动此熵流的不可逆事件，从而增加了与纯粹随机平衡事件相比，所得时钟滴答的准确性。在本文中，我们将自主时间概率浓度的任务形式化为基于热梯度的任何发条的固有目标。在此框架内，我们表明，通过增加其复杂性可以使完美的发条可以任意地近似。此外，我们将这种理想的发条模型结合在一起，由许多量子位组成，并具有不可逆转的衰减机制，以展示时间的最终热力学极限。
According to thermodynamics, the inevitable increase of entropy allows the past to be distinguished from the future. From this perspective, any clock must incorporate an irreversible process that allows this flow of entropy to be tracked. In addition, an integral part of a clock is a clockwork, that is, a system whose purpose is to temporally concentrate the irreversible events that drive this entropic flow, thereby increasing the accuracy of the resulting clock ticks compared to counting purely random equilibration events. In this article, we formalise the task of autonomous temporal probability concentration as the inherent goal of any clockwork based on thermal gradients. Within this framework, we show that a perfect clockwork can be approximated arbitrarily well by increasing its complexity. Furthermore, we combine such an idealised clockwork model, comprised of many qubits, with an irreversible decay mechanism to showcase the ultimate thermodynamic limits to the measurement of time.
