论文标题
限制能量转换
Limits to Energy Conversion
论文作者
论文摘要
热力学第二定律的结果是，没有在恒温下具有单个热源的热力学系统可以以复发方式将热量转化为机械工作。首先，我们注意到，这等同于热力学系统机械端口的Cyclo-Pathivity，而系统的热端口处的温度保持恒定。这导致了一个通用的系统理论问题，哪些具有两个功率端口的系统具有相似的行为：何时在其一个端口之一的系统cyclo-passive，而另一个端口的输出变量（例如热力学情况下的温度）保持恒定？该属性称为“单端口环保”，每当拥有时，都需要从一个端口（输出保持恒定）到另一个端口的能量传输的基本限制。对于以一般的港口港口形式制定的系统，得出了一个单端口环保的足够条件。来自不同{（Multi-）}物理域的各种示例来说明这一点；从耦合电感器和电容器麦克风到同步机。
A consequence of the Second Law of thermodynamics is that no thermodynamic system with a single heat source at constant temperature can convert heat into mechanical work in a recurrent manner. First we note that this is equivalent to cyclo-passivity at the mechanical port of the thermodynamic system, while the temperature at the thermal port of the system is kept constant. This leads to the general system-theoretic question which systems with two power ports have similar behavior: when is a system cyclo-passive at one of its ports, while the output variable at the other port (such as the temperature in the thermodynamic case) is kept constant? This property is called `one-port cyclo-passivity', and entails, whenever it holds, a fundamental limitation to energy transfer from one port (where the output is kept constant) to the other port. Sufficient conditions for one-port cyclo-passivity are derived for systems formulated in general port-Hamiltonian form. This is illustrated by a variety of examples from different {(multi-)}physical domains; from coupled inductors and capacitor microphones to synchronous machines.
