论文标题
经典和量子随机热力学
Classical and quantum stochastic thermodynamics
论文作者
论文摘要
随机热力学为描述超出热力学平衡的系统提供了一个框架。它基于以下假设：基本成分由生成随机动力学的随机力作用，在这里以fokker-planck-kramers方程表示。我们强调了不可逆的概率电流的作用，其消失是热力学平衡的特征，并在波动和耗散之间产生了特殊的关系。通过能量函数和熵的定义以及产生熵的速率，可以获得与热力学的连接。量子系统的扩展由量子进化方程提供，该方程是Fokker-Planck-Kramers方程的规范量化。提出了不可逆系统的一个示例，该示例显示出具有不断产生的熵的非平衡固定状态。还提出了通量与路径积分之间的关系。
The stochastic thermodynamics provides a framework for the description of systems that are out of thermodynamic equilibrium. It is based on the assumption that the elementary constituents are acted by random forces that generate a stochastic dynamics, which is here represented by a Fokker-Planck-Kramers equation. We emphasize the role of the irreversible probability current, the vanishing of which characterizes the thermodynamic equilibrium and yields a special relation between fluctuation and dissipation. The connection to thermodynamics is obtained by the definition of the energy function and the entropy as well as the rate at which entropy is generated. The extension to quantum systems is provided by a quantum evolution equation which is a canonical quantization of the Fokker-Planck-Kramers equation. An example of an irreversible systems is presented which shows a nonequilibrium stationary state with an unceasing production of entropy. A relationship between the fluxes and the path integral is also presented.
