论文标题
循环完成时间与环境的探针相互作用
Cycle completion times probe interactions with environment
论文作者
论文摘要
非平衡过程持续时间的最新测量提供了有关微观机制和能量学的宝贵信息。到目前为止，相应实验的综合理论仅针对单粒子系统得到了很好的开发。在非平衡环境中的相互作用系统闻名，鲜为人知。在这里，我们介绍并研究了一个基本模型，用于与可以表现出净粒子流动的环境相互作用的循环过程。我们发现周期时间变化的丰富性在环境条件下。这在不等的周期时间中$τ^+$和$τ^ - $在向后和向后循环方向上，两个不对称$τ^ - <τ^+$和$τ^+$和$τ^ - >τ^ - >τ^+$，通过交互作用加速了向后循环，并通过互动和动态相位过渡，在其中周期时间成为多态函数。该模型使我们能够将这些效果与特定的微观机制联系起来，这有助于解释实验。
Recent measurements of durations of non-equilibrium processes provide valuable information on microscopic mechanisms and energetics. Comprehensive theory for corresponding experiments so far is well developed for single-particle systems only. Little is known for interacting systems in non-equilibrium environments. Here, we introduce and study a basic model for cycle processes interacting with an environment that can exhibit a net particle flow. We find a surprising richness of cycle time variations with environmental conditions. This manifests itself in unequal cycle times $τ^+$ and $τ^-$ in forward and backward cycle direction with both asymmetries $τ^-<τ^+$ and $τ^->τ^+$, speeding up of backward cycles by interactions, and dynamical phase transitions, where cycle times become multimodal functions of the bias. The model allows us to relate these effects to specific microscopic mechanisms, which can be helpful for interpreting experiments.
