论文标题
缓慢驱动的量子热发动机的热力学不确定性关系
Thermodynamic uncertainty relation in slowly driven quantum heat engines
论文作者
论文摘要
热力学不确定性关系表达了精确度之间的权衡，定义为通用电流的噪声与信号比和相关熵产生的量。这些结果对在稳态下运行的自动热发动机产生了深远的后果，这对它们的功率产量和波动施加了上限。在目前的手稿中，我们分析了不同类别的热发动机，即在周期性慢速驾驶状态下运行的热发动机。我们表明，满足了替代的TUR，这比稳态发动机的限制性较小：它允许产生有限功率，较小的功率波动的发动机，无法接近Carnot效率。结合进一步结合了量子波动的效果，相对于平均功率和可靠性降低了发动机效率。我们最终在单离子热发动机的实验相关模型中说明了我们的发现。
Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations express a trade-off between precision, defined as the noise-to-signal ratio of a generic current, and the amount of associated entropy production. These results have deep consequences for autonomous heat engines operating at steady-state, imposing an upper bound for their efficiency in terms of the power yield and its fluctuations. In the present manuscript we analyse a different class of heat engines, namely those which are operating in the periodic slow-driving regime. We show that an alternative TUR is satisfied, which is less restrictive than that of steady-state engines: it allows for engines that produce finite power, with small power fluctuations, to operate close to the Carnot efficiency. The bound further incorporates the effect of quantum fluctuations, which reduces engine efficiency relative to the average power and reliability. We finally illustrate our findings in the experimentally relevant model of a single-ion heat engine.
