论文标题
当科学是一场游戏时
When Science is a Game
论文作者
论文摘要
当科学家在田野发展中的某些时候，在玩游戏时会发生什么？我提出了一个分析的框架，该框架借鉴了历史学家约翰·韦辛加（Johan Huizinga）提供的游戏理论。 Huizinga为社会实践提供了五个条件，可以成为游戏：自由参与，脱节，时间和竞技场的界限，规则的秩序创造以及紧张的存在。该理论在科学实践中的应用预测了可以通过定量分析来测试的行为模式：学科之间的硬边界的出现，理论创造中漏洞的封闭，期刊出版物中某些创新的抵抗以及科学家未能起诉参与可疑研究实践的同事的方式。
What happens when scientists are, at certain points in a field's development, playing a game? I present a framework for such an analysis that draws on the theory of games provided by the historian Johan Huizinga. Huizinga gives five conditions for a social practice to become a game: free engagement, disconnection, boundedness in time and arena, the order-creation of rules, and the presence of tension. Application of this theory to scientific practice predicts patterns of behavior that can be tested by quantitative analysis: the emergence of hard boundaries between disciplines, the closure of loopholes in theory creation, resistance to certain innovations in journal publication, and the ways in which scientists fail to prosecute colleagues who engage in questionable research practices.
