论文标题
科学管理中的区块链：概念模型，承诺和挑战
Blockchain in the management of science: conceptual models, promises and challenges
论文作者
论文摘要
由于其承诺对可验证，永久性，分散和有效的数据处理的承诺，区块链最近受到了很多关注。 2017 - 2019年，区块链及相关技术（例如智能合约）已超越加密货币，并已在银行，零售，医疗保健和其他领域中采用。这项研究对区块链在科学中的最新应用进行了严格的研究，从数据管理到出版，同行评审，研究评估和资金，谈到了研究周期的不同阶段。该论文基于对区块链项目，相关文献，一系列访谈和焦点小组的审查，与初创企业创始人，学者，图书馆员，来自欧盟，美国，俄罗斯和白俄罗斯的IT专家。科学区块链的支持者将这项技术作为一种工具，使科学免于偏见，繁文tape节，数据欺诈，并提供创新的手段来确保新想法的财务支持。但是，这些项目面临着一系列挑战。一个问题涉及将加密经济及其经济激励措施引入科学的问题，该领域强调对真理的无私和非金钱追求。另一个关注的根源涉及区块链固有的权力下放原则与从上方，国家和其他集中式实体强迫它的实践之间的持续冲突。
Blockchain has received much attention recently, due to its promises of verifiable, permanent, decentralized, and efficient data handling. In 2017-2019 blockchain and associated technologies such as smart contracts has progressed beyond cryptocurrencies, and has been adopted in banking, retail, healthcare, and other fields. This study critically examines recent applications of blockchain in science, touching upon different stages of research cycle, from data management to publishing, peer review, research evaluation and funding. The paper is based upon a review of blockchain projects, relevant literature, a set of interviews and focus groups with startup founders, scholars, librarians, IT experts from the EU, USA, Russia, and Belarus. Proponents of blockchain for science present this technology as a tool to make science free from bias, red tape, data fraud, as well as provide innovative means to secure financial backing for new ideas. However, these projects face a set of challenges. One issue concerns introducing crypto economy, with its financial incentives, into science, a field that emphasizes disinterested and non-pecuniary pursuit of truth. Another source of concern relates to the ongoing conflict between the principle of decentralization inherent to blockchain and the practice of forcing it from above, by the state and other centralized entities.
