论文标题
跳差距：寻找Ligo最大的黑洞
Jumping the gap: searching for LIGO's biggest black holes
论文作者
论文摘要
二进制黑洞（BBH）的引力波（GW）检测显示，证据表明，质量以上$ \ sim50m_ \ odot $的质量缺乏黑洞。这与由于存在配对超新星（PISN）而导致的质量间隙的期望是一致的。我们认为，基于地面的GW检测器将对质量高于此间隙的BBH敏感，$ \ gtrsim120 \，m_ \ odot $。没有检测到，升级的灵敏度（a+）两年将限制PISN间隙的“远处”这些BBH的局部合并率，低于$ 0.01 \，\ Mathrm {yr}^{-1}^{ - 1}^{ - 1} \ sathrm {gpc}^gpc}^}^ - 3} $。另外，有几十个事件，我们可以将间隙上边缘的位置限制为百分比。我们考虑了PISN质量间隙内“闯入者”黑洞对此测量的潜在影响。远处的BBH也将被宇宙探险家（CE），爱因斯坦望远镜（ET）和Lisa等未来工具观察到，并可能主导多波段事件的比例。我们表明，通过比较地面和空间的观察结果，可以限制合并率历史记录。此外，我们发现PISN质量间隙的上边缘在未分辨二进制的随机背景的频谱形状上留下了烙印，可以通过+灵敏度访问。最后，我们表明，通过利用差距的上边缘，这些高质量BBH可以用作标准警报器，以限制$ \ sim0.4 $，$ 0.8 $，$ 0.8 $的宇宙扩展，分别与Lisa，Lisa，Ligo-virgo和Ce等。这些遥远的二进制文件将是最庞大的BBH Ligo-Virgo检测到的。
Gravitational wave (GW) detections of binary black holes (BBHs) have shown evidence for a dearth of component black holes with masses above $\sim50M_\odot$. This is consistent with expectations of a mass gap due to the existence of pair-instability supernovae (PISN). We argue that ground-based GW detectors will be sensitive to BBHs with masses above this gap, $\gtrsim120\,M_\odot$. With no detections, two years at upgraded sensitivity (A+) would constrain the local merger rate of these BBHs on the "far side" of the PISN gap to be lower than $0.01\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}\mathrm{Gpc}^{-3}$. Alternatively, with a few tens of events we could constrain the location of the upper edge of the gap to the percent level. We consider the potential impact of "interloper" black holes within the PISN mass gap on this measurement. Far side BBHs would also be observed by future instruments such as Cosmic Explorer (CE), Einstein Telescope (ET) and LISA, and may dominate the fraction of multi-band events. We show that by comparing observations from ground and space it is possible to constrain the merger rate history. Moreover, we find that the upper edge of the PISN mass gap leaves an imprint on the spectral shape of the stochastic background of unresolved binaries, which may be accessible with A+ sensitivity. Finally, we show that by exploiting the upper edge of the gap, these high-mass BBHs can be used as standard sirens to constrain the cosmic expansion at redshifts of $\sim0.4$, $0.8$, and~$1.5$ with LISA, LIGO-Virgo, and CE/ET, respectively. These far-side binaries would be the most massive BBHs LIGO-Virgo could detect.
