论文标题

计算理论和反向数学的选择公理,并带有连续假设的客串

The Axiom of Choice in Computability Theory and Reverse Mathematics, with a cameo for the Continuum Hypothesis

论文作者

Normann, Dag, Sanders, Sam

论文摘要

选择的公理(简称AC)是数学通常基础的最著名的公理,ZFC集理论。 AC在数学中的(非)必不可少的用途已经进行了充分研究和彻底的分类。现在,最近在Kohlenbach的高阶反向数学中使用了ZF中不可证明的AC的片段,以获得紧密相关的紧凑性和局部全球原则之间的等价。我们继续这项研究,并表明NCC是ZF中可证明的弱选择原则,并且系统较弱,这足以满足许多结果。鉴于相反的数学与可计算性理论之间的紧密联系,我们还研究了NCC的实现者,即产生选择功能的功能,从其他数据中获得了后者声称存在的选择功能。我们对迄今为止对AC(选择函数)计算特性的迄今为止欠发达研究的傲慢导致了有趣的结果。例如,使用Kleene的S1-S9计算方案,我们表明,NCC计算Kleene的$ \ \ 3 $的各种总体实现者,该功能可引起完整的二阶算术算术,反之亦然。相比之下,NCC的部分现实者应该要弱得多,但是建立这种猜想仍然难以捉摸。通过宣泄,我们表明,连续假设(简称CH)等同于NCC的基于数量的局部造物剂的存在。后一种Realiser不计算Kleene的$ \存在^3 $,因此严格比总数弱。

The Axiom of Choice (AC for short) is the most (in)famous axiom of the usual foundations of mathematics, ZFC set theory. The (non-)essential use of AC in mathematics has been well-studied and thoroughly classified. Now, fragments of countable AC not provable in ZF have recently been used in Kohlenbach's higher-order Reverse Mathematics to obtain equivalences between closely related compactness and local-global principles. We continue this study and show that NCC, a weak choice principle provable in ZF and much weaker systems, suffices for many of these results. In light of the intimate connection between Reverse Mathematics and computability theory, we also study realisers for NCC, i.e. functionals that produce the choice functions claimed to exist by the latter from the other data. Our hubris of undertaking the hitherto underdeveloped study of the computational properties of (choice functions from) AC leads to interesting results. For instance, using Kleene's S1-S9 computation schemes, we show that various total realisers for NCC compute Kleene's $\exists^3$, a functional that gives rise to full second-order arithmetic, and vice versa. By contrast, partial realisers for NCC should be much weaker, but establishing this conjecture remains elusive. By way of catharsis, we show that the Continuum Hypothesis (CH for short) is equivalent to the existence of a countably based partial realiser for NCC. The latter kind of realiser does not compute Kleene's $\exists^3$ and is therefore strictly weaker than a total one.

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