论文标题
测量和可视化基于位置的时空工作可访问性
Measuring and Visualizing Place-Based Space-Time Job Accessibility
论文作者
论文摘要
基于地点的可及性措施(例如基于重力的模型)被广泛用于研究工人到城市工作机会的空间可访问性。但是,基于重力的措施通常受到三个主要局限性:(1)它们对分析单位的空间配置和尺度敏感,分析单位的空间构型和尺度不是专门设计用于捕获工作可及性模式的,并且通常太粗糙; (2)他们在计算中省略了工作机会和工人的时间动态,而是假设他们随着时间的流逝保持稳定; (3)它们不适合动态的地理化技术。在本文中,提出了一个新的方法论框架,用于测量和可视化基于时空的工作机会可及性,以克服这三个限制。首先,使用离散化和dasymetric映射方法用于分解工作和工人在特定时间间隔上的计数,以将其分解为细节网格。其次,Shen(1998)基于重力的可及性措施被修改,以说明工作供应的空间分布和工人需求的时间波动,并用于估算每个单元格的小时工作可访问性。第三,采用了四维体积渲染方法将小时的工作访问估算集成到一个时空立方体环境中,这使用户可以交互可视化时空的工作访问模式。在佛罗里达州坦帕湾地区的案例研究的背景下,综合框架得到了证明。这些发现证明了拟议方法在工作可及性分析和决策过程中的价值。
Place-based accessibility measures, such as the gravity-based model, are widely applied to study the spatial accessibility of workers to job opportunities in cities. However, gravity-based measures often suffer from three main limitations: (1) they are sensitive to the spatial configuration and scale of the units of analysis, which are not specifically designed for capturing job accessibility patterns and are often too coarse; (2) they omit the temporal dynamics of job opportunities and workers in the calculation, instead assuming that they remain stable over time; and (3) they do not lend themselves to dynamic geovisualization techniques. In this paper, a new methodological framework for measuring and visualizing place-based job accessibility in space and time is presented that overcomes these three limitations. First, discretization and dasymetric mapping approaches are used to disaggregate counts of jobs and workers over specific time intervals to a fine-scale grid. Second, Shen (1998) gravity-based accessibility measure is modified to account for temporal fluctuations in the spatial distributions of the supply of jobs and the demand of workers and is used to estimate hourly job accessibility at each cell. Third, a four-dimensional volumetric rendering approach is employed to integrate the hourly job access estimates into a space-time cube environment, which enables the users to interactively visualize the space-time job accessibility patterns. The integrated framework is demonstrated in the context of a case study of the Tampa Bay region of Florida. The findings demonstrate the value of the proposed methodology in job accessibility analysis and the policy-making process.