论文标题

暗物质的重力破坏

Gravitational Decoherence of Dark Matter

论文作者

Allali, Itamar, Hertzberg, Mark P.

论文摘要

DeCherence描述了量子子系统动态失去其量子特征的趋势。当感兴趣的量子子系统相互作用并与所追溯的环境纠缠在一起时,这种情况就会发生。对于普通的宏观系统,电磁和其他相互作用会引起快速的反应。但是,由于其与环境较弱的耦合,暗物质(DM)可能具有独特的可能性,即具有自然延长的宏观量子性能,尤其是当它仅在重力上相互作用时。在这项工作中,我们计算了银河系中光DM的破坏速率,在那里,局部密度在量子叠加中具有其质量,大小和位置。这种破坏是通过普通物质提供的DM过度密度与其环境的重力相互作用。我们专注于相对健壮的配置:涉及过度密度的DM扰动,其次是密度的,没有单极,因此仅在相对较近的距离下才能观察到它。我们使用非权威的散射理论,其牛顿电位由过度密度产生,以确定探针粒子如何从中散射出来,从而纠缠在一起。作为应用程序,我们考虑光标度DM,包括轴。在银河系中,我们将弥漫性氢用作环境,而在地球附近,我们将空气作为环境。对于过度密度的大小是典型的DM de Broglie波长,我们发现光环中的分解速率高于DM质量的当前Hubble速率$ M_A \ LISSIM 5 \ times 10^{ - 7} $ eV,在地球实验中,基于地球的实验比$ M_A的经典实验率更高。当国家的传播发生时,当我们量化时,速率可能会变得更快。另外,我们确定DM BEC非常迅速地将其装饰,因此经典田地理论很好地描述了DM。

Decoherence describes the tendency of quantum sub-systems to dynamically lose their quantum character. This happens when the quantum sub-system of interest interacts and becomes entangled with an environment that is traced out. For ordinary macroscopic systems, electromagnetic and other interactions cause rapid decoherence. However, dark matter (DM) may have the unique possibility of exhibiting naturally prolonged macroscopic quantum properties due to its weak coupling to its environment, particularly if it only interacts gravitationally. In this work, we compute the rate of decoherence for light DM in the galaxy, where a local density has its mass, size, and location in a quantum superposition. The decoherence is via the gravitational interaction of the DM overdensity with its environment, provided by ordinary matter. We focus on relatively robust configurations: DM perturbations that involve an overdensity followed by an underdensity, with no monopole, such that it is only observable at relatively close distances. We use non-relativistic scattering theory with a Newtonian potential generated by the overdensity to determine how a probe particle scatters off of it and thereby becomes entangled. As an application, we consider light scalar DM, including axions. In the galactic halo, we use diffuse hydrogen as the environment, while near the earth, we use air as the environment. For an overdensity whose size is the typical DM de Broglie wavelength, we find that the decoherence rate in the halo is higher than the present Hubble rate for DM masses $m_a \lesssim 5 \times 10^{-7}$eV and in earth based experiments it is higher than the classical field coherence rate for $m_a \lesssim 10^{-6}$eV. When spreading of the states occurs, the rates can become much faster, as we quantify. Also, we establish that DM BECs decohere very rapidly and so are very well described by classical field theory.

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