论文标题

关于不稳定激发的流体动力学

On the Hydrodynamics of Unstable Excitations

论文作者

Castro-Alvaredo, Olalla A., De Fazio, Cecilia, Doyon, Benjamin, Ravanini, Francesco

论文摘要

广义流体动力学(GHD)方法在描述各种可集成的多体量子系统的异常方面非常成功。它自然会提取系统的大规模动力学自由度,因此是对新兴现象的特别好的探测。一种这种现象是存在不稳定颗粒的存在,传统上是通过散射矩阵的特殊分析结构可以看出的。由于它们的寿命和能量阈值有限,因此特别难以研究。在本文中,我们将GHD方法应用于具有不稳定激发和量子整合性的模型。已知具有这些特征的相对论综合量子场理论的最大家族是同质的正弦模型。我们考虑了此类理论的最简单的非平凡示例,并研究了不稳定的激发对各种物理量的影响,无论是在平衡和由分区方案引起的非平衡状态下。流体动力学方法将新的光吹到了不稳定粒子的物理学上,通过散射矩阵的分析结构超出了其定义,并阐明了其对理论的平衡和平衡性能的影响。至关重要的是,在这个动态的角度,我们将不稳定的颗粒确定为有限寿命的结合状态,即不同类型的稳定颗粒的稳定颗粒,并观察到在大型热浴中出现的不稳定颗粒的稳定种群。

The generalized hydrodynamic (GHD) approach has been extremely successful in describing the out-of-equilibrium properties of a great variety of integrable many-body quantum systems. It naturally extracts the large-scale dynamical degrees of freedom of the system, and is thus a particularly good probe for emergent phenomena. One such phenomenon is the presence of unstable particles, traditionally seen via special analytic structures of the scattering matrix. Because of their finite lifetime and energy threshold, these are especially hard to study. In this paper we apply the GHD approach to a model possessing both unstable excitations and quantum integrability. The largest family of relativistic integrable quantum field theories known to have these features are the homogeneous sine-Gordon models. We consider the simplest non-trivial example of such theories and investigate the effect of an unstable excitation on various physical quantities, both at equilibrium and in the non-equilibrium state arising from the partitioning protocol. The hydrodynamic approach sheds new light onto the physics of the unstable particle, going much beyond its definition via the analytic structure of the scattering matrix, and clarifies its effects both on the equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium properties of the theory. Crucially, within this dynamical perspective, we identify unstable particles as finitely-lived bound states of co-propagating stable particles of different types, and observe how stable populations of unstable particles emerge in large-temperature thermal baths.

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