论文标题
COVID-19
A low-cost, helmet-based, non-invasive ventilator for COVID-19
论文作者
论文摘要
2019年冠状病毒病（Covid-19）创造了对呼吸援助设备的前所未有的需求。由于对商业，全功能的呼吸机的需求远高于供应能力，因此正在开发许多快速响应呼吸机，用于侵入性的患者机械通气。这些紧急呼吸机中的大多数都利用机械挤压袋面罩或ambu袋。这些“袋装挤压器”设计笨重且沉重，取决于许多活动部件，并且很难组装和使用。此外，侵入性通风需要重症监护病房的支持，这对于绝大多数患者，尤其是在发展中国家而言可能没有。在这项工作中，我们提供了低成本（$ <$ \ $ 200），便携式（适合8“ x8” x4“盒），非侵入性呼吸机（NIV），旨在为低压设置中的早期covid-19患者提供缓解。二重性气道压力（BIPAP）模式。阀门，易于使用。我们的NIV提供0-20 cmh $ _ {2} $ o压力，流量为60-180 lmin $^{ - 1} $。
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created an unprecedented need for breathing assistance devices. Since the demand for commercial, full-featured ventilators is far higher than the supply capacity, many rapid-response ventilators are being developed for invasive mechanical ventilation of patients. Most of these emergency ventilators utilize mechanical squeezing of bag-valve-masks or Ambu-bags. These "bag squeezer" designs are bulky and heavy, depends on many moving parts, and difficulty to assemble and use. Also, invasive ventilation requires intensive care unit support, which may be unavailable to a vast majority of patients, especially in developing countries. In this work, we present a low-cost ($<$\$200), portable (fits in an 8"x8"x4" box), non-invasive ventilator (NIV), designed to provide relief to early-stage COVID-19 patients in low-resource settings. We used a high-pressure blower fan for providing noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation. Our design supports continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) modes. A common concern of using CPAP or BiPAP for treating COVID-19 patients is the aerosolization of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We used a helmet-based solution that contains the spread of the virus. Our end-to-end solution is compact, low-cost ($<$\$400 including the helmet, viral filters, and a valve), and easy-to-use. Our NIV provides 0-20 cmH$_{2}$O pressure with flow rates of 60-180 Lmin$^{-1}$. We hope that our report will encourage implementations and further studies on helmet-based NIV for treating COVID-19 patients in low-resource settings.
