论文标题
Gadolinium Orthosilicate闪光灯在闪电中检测到光线体检测
Photoneutron Detection in Lightning by Gadolinium Orthosilicate Scintillators
论文作者
论文摘要
在2017年11月24日的冬季雷暴中，发生了向下的陆地伽马射线闪光灯，并触发了与大气氮和氧核的光核反应，与日本的Kashiwazaki-Kariwa核电站的闪电放电相吻合。我们直接检测到由光核反应与安装在海平面上的高硅酸盐闪烁晶体产生的中子。闪烁晶体中包含的两个Gadolinium同位素，$^{155} $ gd和$^{157} $ GD，对热中子的中子捕获大量跨截面，例如$^{155} $ gd（n，$γ$） $^{157} $ gd（n，$γ$）$^{158} $ gd。从$^{156} $ gd和$^{158} $ gd从闪烁晶体中自我吸收，并制作光谱线特征，可以将其与其他非中听信号区分开来，从而自我吸收。中子爆发持续了$ \ sim $ 100〜ms，估计中子通量为$> $ 52和$> $ 31〜中子〜cm $^{ - 2} $，在电厂内的两个观测点上。 Gadolinium Orthosilicate闪光灯是闪电中热中子的有效探测器。
During a winter thunderstorm on November 24, 2017, a downward terrestrial gamma-ray flash took place and triggered photonuclear reactions with atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen nuclei, coincident with a lightning discharge at the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear power station in Japan. We directly detected neutrons produced by the photonuclear reactions with gadolinium orthosilicate scintillation crystals installed at sea level. Two gadolinium isotopes included in the scintillation crystals, $^{155}$Gd and $^{157}$Gd, have large cross-sections of neutron captures to thermal neutrons such as $^{155}$Gd(n,$γ$)$^{156}$Gd and $^{157}$Gd(n,$γ$)$^{158}$Gd. De-excitation gamma rays from $^{156}$Gd and $^{158}$Gd are self-absorbed in the scintillation crystals, and make spectral-line features which can be distinguished from other non-neutron signals. The neutron burst lasted for $\sim$100~ms, and neutron fluences are estimated to be $>$52 and $>$31~neutrons~cm$^{-2}$ at two observation points inside the power plant. Gadolinium orthosilicate scintillators work as valid detectors for thermal neutrons in lightning.
