论文标题
用于髓鞘神经元中动作电位传播的空间裂缝电缆方程
A space-fractional cable equation for the propagation of action potentials in myelinated neurons
论文作者
论文摘要
髓神经元的特征是存在髓磷脂，髓磷脂是由专门的神经细胞形成的轴突周围的多膜片包裹。髓磷脂充当电绝缘体，因此，在髓鞘的神经元中，动作电位不会在轴突内传播，而仅发生在兰维尔的淋巴结中，这是轴突髓鞘中的间隙。脑科学的最新进展表明，这些所谓的盐酸作用电位的形状，时机和传播速度受神经元，神经胶质细胞和细胞外空间之间的各种生化相互作用的控制。鉴于大脑结构和过程的复杂性，本文提出的工作假设是非本地效应与动作电位的最佳传播有关。提出了髓鞘神经元中的动作电位传播的空间裂缝电缆方程，该方程涉及分数顺序的空间衍生物。使用数值模拟研究了非本地性对膜电位分布的影响。
Myelinated neurons are characterized by the presence of myelin, a multilaminated wrapping around the axons formed by specialized neuroglial cells. Myelin acts as an electrical insulator and therefore, in myelinated neurons, the action potentials do not propagate within the axons but happen only at the nodes of Ranvier which are gaps in the axonal myelination. Recent advancements in brain science have shown that the shapes, timings, and propagation speeds of these so-called saltatory action potentials are controlled by various biochemical interactions among neurons, glial cells, and the extracellular space. Given the complexity of brain's structure and processes, the work hypothesis made in this paper is that non-local effects are involved in the optimal propagation of action potentials. A space-fractional cable equation for the action potentials propagation in myelinated neurons is proposed that involves spatial derivatives of fractional order. The effects of non-locality on the distribution of the membrane potential are investigated using numerical simulations.
