论文标题

奇异性分辨率取决于时钟

Singularity resolution depends on the clock

论文作者

Gielen, Steffen, Menéndez-Pidal, Lucía

论文摘要

我们研究了一个扁平的Friedmann-Lema-Robertson-Walker宇宙的量子宇宙学,充满了(游离的)无质量标量场和代表辐射或宇宙学常数的完美流体,其值不受动作的固定,如单模型的重力。我们研究了量子理论的两个版本:第一个基于时间坐标均与辐射/暗能量物质成分,即保形时间(用于辐射)或单模型时间。如Gryb和Thébault所示,该量子理论实现了一种奇异性分辨率。我们说明了该理论的这一和其他属性。然后,该理论与第二种定量形成对比,其中比例因子的对数作为时间,这是在量子宇宙学的“完美弹跳”的背景下进行了研究的。与第一个量子理论不同,第二个量子理论包含遵循经典轨迹的半经典状态,并在没有阻碍的情况下发展为奇异性,因此没有奇异性分辨率。我们讨论一个复杂的比例因素如何最好地描述半经典动力学。该宇宙学模型可以说明量子宇宙学的时间问题。

We study the quantum cosmology of a flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker universe filled with a (free) massless scalar field and a perfect fluid that represents radiation or a cosmological constant whose value is not fixed by the action, as in unimodular gravity. We study two versions of the quantum theory: the first is based on a time coordinate conjugate to the radiation/dark energy matter component, i.e., conformal time (for radiation) or unimodular time. As shown by Gryb and Thébault, this quantum theory achieves a type of singularity resolution; we illustrate this and other properties of this theory. The theory is then contrasted with a second type of quantisation in which the logarithm of the scale factor serves as time, which has been studied in the context of the "perfect bounce" for quantum cosmology. Unlike the first quantum theory, the second one contains semiclassical states that follow classical trajectories and evolve into the singularity without obstruction, thus showing no singularity resolution. We discuss how a complex scale factor best describes the semiclassical dynamics. This cosmological model serves as an illustration of the problem of time in quantum cosmology.

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