论文标题

安全软件租赁

Secure Software Leasing

论文作者

Ananth, Prabhanjan, La Placa, Rolando L.

论文摘要

制定密码定义以防止软件盗版是一个重要的研究方向,没有得到太多关注。由于无法实现使用经典加密的自然定义(因为始终可以复制经典程序),因此这指导我们使用量子计算中的技术。 Aaronson [CCC'09]的开创性工作介绍了量子拷贝保护的概念,目的是解决软件反海盗的问题。但是,尽管是量子密码学中最重要的问题之一,但尚无任何因任何类别功能而闻名的量子拷贝保护解决方案。 我们为解决软件盗版(称为安全软件租赁(SSL))制定了替代定义。 SSL虽然比量子复制保护弱弱,但在软件反盗版中仍然有意义,并且具有有趣的应用。 我们基于具体的加密假设,为回避电路的子类(包括点功能的自然实现,与通用卡和仿射测试人员的结合)提供了SSL的结构。我们的构造是基于具体的密码假设的第一个可证明的解决方案,用于软件反盗版。为了补充我们的积极结果,我们基于加密假设表明,存在一类量子不可介绍的功能,而SSL不存在。特别是,我们的不可能结果还排除了量子拷贝保护[Aaronson CCC'09]的任意类别量子的量子函数;解决一个重要的开放问题,即用于为任意量子无法获得的电路构建拷贝保护的可能性。

Formulating cryptographic definitions to protect against software piracy is an important research direction that has not received much attention. Since natural definitions using classical cryptography are impossible to achieve (as classical programs can always be copied), this directs us towards using techniques from quantum computing. The seminal work of Aaronson [CCC'09] introduced the notion of quantum copy-protection precisely to address the problem of software anti-piracy. However, despite being one of the most important problems in quantum cryptography, there are no provably secure solutions of quantum copy-protection known for any class of functions. We formulate an alternative definition for tackling software piracy, called secure software leasing (SSL). While weaker than quantum copy-protection, SSL is still meaningful and has interesting applications in software anti-piracy. We present a construction of SSL for a subclass of evasive circuits (that includes natural implementations of point functions, conjunctions with wild cards, and affine testers) based on concrete cryptographic assumptions. Our construction is the first provably secure solution, based on concrete cryptographic assumptions, for software anti-piracy. To complement our positive result, we show, based on cryptographic assumptions, that there is a class of quantum unlearnable functions for which SSL does not exist. In particular, our impossibility result also rules out quantum copy-protection [Aaronson CCC'09] for an arbitrary class of quantum unlearnable functions; resolving an important open problem on the possibility of constructing copy-protection for arbitrary quantum unlearnable circuits.

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