论文标题
Pico-Kelvin物理的紧急情况
The Emergency of Pico-Kelvin Physics
论文作者
论文摘要
低温物理学的前沿已晋升为中部皮科 - 凯文（PK）政权，但由于重力问题，进步已经停止。必须将超冷原子限制在某种类型的势能井中：如果井的深度小于通过掉入原子的能量，则原子逃逸。本文回顾了超冷原子研究，强调了将低温边界延伸至450 pico-kelvin的进步。我们审查了使用自由秋季技术（例如下降塔，响起的火箭，抛物线飞行平面和空间站）来克服重力极限的微重力方法。我们描述了两种技术，这些技术有望进一步进步 - 一个原子芯片和一个全光陷阱，并呈现了最新的实验结果。新的观察制度的基础研究通常导致科学发现和有益于社会的新技术。我们希望随着低温边境的进步，我们建议一些新的研究机会。
The frontier of low-temperature physics has advanced to the mid pico-Kelvin (pK) regime but progress has come to a halt because of the problem of gravity. Ultra cold atoms must be confined in some type of potential energy well: if the depth of the well is less than the energy an atom gains by falling through it, the atom escapes. This article reviews ultra cold atom research, emphasizing the advances that carried the low temperature frontier to 450 pico-Kelvin. We review micro gravity methods for overcoming the gravitation limit to achieve further low temperature using free fall techniques such as a drop tower, sounding rocket, parabolic flight plane and the Space Station. We describe two techniques that give promise of further advance--an atom chip and an all-optical trap--and present recent experimental results. Basic research in new regimes of observation has generally led to scientific discoveries and new technologies that benefit society. We expect this to be the case as the low temperature frontier advances and we propose some new opportunities for research.
