论文标题
人类战略转向改善交互式优化的性能
Human Strategic Steering Improves Performance of Interactive Optimization
论文作者
论文摘要
交互式智能系统中的一个核心关注点是对其动作的优化,对其人类用户最大程度地帮助。例如,在推荐系统中,操作是选择推荐的内容,而优化任务是推荐用户喜欢的项目。优化是基于早期用户的反馈(例如“ Likes”和“ diss offikes”)进行的,并且该算法假设反馈是忠实的。也就是说,当用户单击“喜欢”时,他们实际上更喜欢该项目。我们认为,这种基本假设可以由不是被动反馈来源的人类用户广泛侵犯。取而代之的是,他们处于控制之中,积极将系统朝着目标迈进。为了验证这一假设,人类转向并能够通过转向来提高性能,我们设计了一个功能优化任务,其中人和优化算法协作以找到一维函数的最大值。在每次迭代中,优化算法在$ x $上查询用户对隐藏函数$ f $的值查询,并且看到隐藏函数的用户提供了关于$ f(x)$的答案。我们对21名参与者的研究表明,了解优化的工作方式的用户在战略上提供了有偏见的答案(答案不等于$ f(x)$),这导致算法发现最佳速度明显更快。我们的工作强调,下一代智能系统将需要能够帮助引导系统追求目标的用户模型。
A central concern in an interactive intelligent system is optimization of its actions, to be maximally helpful to its human user. In recommender systems for instance, the action is to choose what to recommend, and the optimization task is to recommend items the user prefers. The optimization is done based on earlier user's feedback (e.g. "likes" and "dislikes"), and the algorithms assume the feedback to be faithful. That is, when the user clicks "like," they actually prefer the item. We argue that this fundamental assumption can be extensively violated by human users, who are not passive feedback sources. Instead, they are in control, actively steering the system towards their goal. To verify this hypothesis, that humans steer and are able to improve performance by steering, we designed a function optimization task where a human and an optimization algorithm collaborate to find the maximum of a 1-dimensional function. At each iteration, the optimization algorithm queries the user for the value of a hidden function $f$ at a point $x$, and the user, who sees the hidden function, provides an answer about $f(x)$. Our study on 21 participants shows that users who understand how the optimization works, strategically provide biased answers (answers not equal to $f(x)$), which results in the algorithm finding the optimum significantly faster. Our work highlights that next-generation intelligent systems will need user models capable of helping users who steer systems to pursue their goals.