论文标题
关于高阶QAM星座设计和性能的调查
A Survey on Design and Performance of Higher-Order QAM Constellations
论文作者
论文摘要
随着关于超越5G的研究，我们详细介绍了和探索功率和带宽有效调制方案。在现有出版物和各种通信标准中，考虑了最初的正方形正交幅度调制（SQAM）星座（甚至2个）。但是，对于不同的通道条件和速率要求，只有方形星座并不有效，因此引入了2个星座的奇数功率。对于2个星座的奇数功率，通常使用矩形QAM（RQAM）。但是，由于RQAM的较低功率效率，RQAM并不是一个不错的选择，并且首选改进的横QAM（XQAM）星座，因为由于其能源有效的二维（2D）结构，它提供了比RQAM提高的功率效率。对高数据率的需求不断增长，进一步鼓励了对更紧凑的2D星座的研究，这导致了基于六边形晶格结构的星座，称为六边形QAM（HQAM）。在这项工作中，讨论了各种QAM星座，并介绍了Star QAM，XQAM和HQAM星座的详细研究。出现了带有不同星座订单的星形QAM，XQAM和HQAM星座的生成，峰值与平均功率比率，符号率率，决策边界，位映射，灰色代码罚款以及符号率。最后，提出了对各种QAM星座的比较研究，这证明了HQAM与其他QAM星座相比的至高无上的合理性。因此，可以声称，在各种无线通信系统和标准中使用HQAM可以进一步改善针对5G无线通信系统的目标。
As the research on beyond 5G heats up, we survey and explore power and bandwidth efficient modulation schemes in details. In the existing publications and in various communication standards, initially square quadrature amplitude modulation (SQAM) constellations (even power of 2) were considered. However, only the square constellations are not efficient for varying channel conditions and rate requirements, and hence, odd power of 2 constellations were introduced. For odd power of 2 constellations, rectangular QAM (RQAM) is commonly used. However, RQAM is not a good choice due to its lower power efficiency, and a modified cross QAM (XQAM) constellation is preferred as it provides improved power efficiency over RQAM due to its energy efficient two dimensional (2D) structure. The increasing demand for high data-rates has further encouraged the research towards more compact 2D constellations which lead to hexagonal lattice structure based constellations, referred to as hexagonal QAM (HQAM). In this work, various QAM constellations are discussed and detailed study of star QAM, XQAM, and HQAM constellations is presented. Generation, peak and average energies, peak-to-average-power ratio, symbol-error-rate, decision boundaries, bit mapping, Gray code penalty, and bit-error-rate of star QAM, XQAM, and HQAM constellations with different constellation orders are presented. Finally, a comparative study of various QAM constellations is presented which justifies the supremacy of HQAM over other QAM constellations. With this, it can be claimed that the use of the HQAM in various wireless communication systems and standards can further improve the performance targeted for beyond 5G wireless communication systems.
