论文标题
如果没有人看,那是月亮:贝尔的不平等和物理现实
Is the Moon there if nobody looks: Bell Inequalities and Physical Reality
论文作者
论文摘要
各种贝尔的不平等是特定数据电子表格的每一行满足的微不足道的代数特性。令人惊讶的是,它们在某些实验中的违规行为允许推测自然界中非局部影响的存在,并怀疑客观的外部物理现实的存在。这种猜测源于对量子力学的错误解释,以及局部逼真的隐藏变量模型的失败,以重现自旋极化相关实验的量子预测。这些隐藏的变量模型使用仅成对可测量随机变量的反事实关节概率分布来证明不平等。在实际实验中,爱丽丝和鲍勃(Alice)和鲍勃(Bob)使用4对实验设置对,估计点击之间的不完美相关,并由其检测器注册。点击宣布检测光子,并通过1或-1进行编码。对相应的期望,仅估计相应的可测量的随机变量,并与量子预测进行比较。这些估计明显违反了不平等。由于所有这些随机变量无法共同测量,因此不存在它们的联合概率分布,并且可能不会得出各种铃铛不平等。因此,违反了它们并不奇怪。此外,如果正确包含描述测量仪器的上下文设置的依赖性参数,则可以以当地因果方式解释点击之间的不完美相关性。在本文中,我们审查并重塑了几个论点,证明了违反各种钟声不平等的行为不能证明量子非局部性是合理的,也不能对原子,电子和其他看不见的基本粒子的存在疑问,这些基本粒子是我们周围可见世界的基础。
Various Bell inequalities are trivial algebraic properties satisfied by each line of particular data spreadsheets.It is surprising that their violation in some experiments, allows to speculate about the existence of nonlocal influences in Nature and to doubt the existence of the objective external physical reality. Such speculations are rooted in incorrect interpretations of quantum mechanics and in a failure of local realistic hidden variable models to reproduce quantum predictions for spin polarisation correlation experiments. These hidden variable models use counterfactual joint probability distributions of only pairwise measurable random variables to prove the inequalities. In real experiments Alice and Bob, using 4 incompatible pairs of experimental settings, estimate imperfect correlations between clicks, registered by their detectors. Clicks announce detection of photons and are coded by 1 or -1. Expectations of corresponding ,only pairwise measurable, random variables are estimated and compared with quantum predictions. These estimates violate significantly the inequalities. Since all these random variables cannot be jointly measured , a joint probability distribution of them does not exist and various Bell inequalities may not be derived. Thus it is not surprising that they are violated. Moreover,if contextual setting dependent parameters describing measuring instruments are correctly included in the description, then imperfect correlations between the clicks may be explained in a locally causal way. In this paper we review and rephrase several arguments proving that the violation of various Bell inequalities may neither justify the quantum nonlocality nor allow for doubt regarding the existence of atoms, electrons and other invisible elementary particles which are building blocks of the visible world around us including ourselves.