论文标题

用量子机械振荡器探测量子重力效应

Probing quantum gravity effects with quantum mechanical oscillators

论文作者

Bonaldi, M., Borrielli, A., Chowdhury, A., Di Giuseppe, G., Li, W., Malossi, N., Marino, F., Morana, B., Natali, R., Piergentili, P., Prodi, G. A., Sarro, P. M., Serra, E., Vezio, P., Vitali, D., Marin, F.

论文摘要

旨在加入重力和量子力学的现象学模型通常可以预测在精制的低能实验中可以测量的效果。例如,位置和动量之间的修改后的换向关系,这些关系的长度最小,产生了可以用额外的汉密尔顿术语编纂的动态。当应用于机械振荡器的范式情况时,此类术语以变形参数的最低顺序应用了弱的内在非线性,因此引入了与经典轨迹的偏差。这种观点刺激了几个实验提案和实现,从而导致了变形参数的有意义的上限。所有此类实验均基于经典的机械振荡器,即从热状态激发。我们确实指出,在将经典行为与(宏观)系统的量子行为区分开来起着主要作用的破坏性通常不包括在现象学量子重力模型中。但是,如果考虑到重力和量子物理学的作用来预测的特殊特征,就不足为奇了。在此考虑的基础上,我们提出了旨在观察量子重力对宏观机械振荡器的可能影响的实验,这些振荡器是在高纯度状态下制备的宏观机械振荡器,我们报告了其实现的状态。

Phenomenological models aiming to join gravity and quantum mechanics often predict effects that are potentially measurable in refined low-energy experiments. For instance, modified commutation relations between position and momentum, that accounts for a minimal scale length, yield a dynamics that can be codified in additional Hamiltonian terms. When applied to the paradigmatic case of a mechanical oscillator, such terms, at the lowest order in the deformation parameter, introduce a weak intrinsic nonlinearity and, consequently, deviations from the classical trajectory. This point of view has stimulated several experimental proposals and realizations, leading to meaningful upper limits to the deformation parameter. All such experiments are based on classical mechanical oscillators, i.e., excited from a thermal state. We remark indeed that decoherence, that plays a major role in distinguishing the classical from the quantum behavior of (macroscopic) systems, is not usually included in phenomenological quantum gravity models. However, it would not be surprising if peculiar features that are predicted by considering the joined roles of gravity and quantum physics should manifest themselves just on purely quantum objects. On the base of this consideration, we propose experiments aiming to observe possible quantum gravity effects on macroscopic mechanical oscillators that are preliminary prepared in a high purity state, and we report on the status of their realization.

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