论文标题
Epione:轻巧的接触式追踪和强烈的隐私
Epione: Lightweight Contact Tracing with Strong Privacy
论文作者
论文摘要
接触跟踪是包含传染病(例如COVID-19)的必不可少的工具。许多国家和研究小组已经启动或宣布了移动应用程序,以通过录制一些隐私考虑的用户之间的联系来促进联系跟踪。大多数重点是使用随机令牌,这些令牌是在相遇期间交换并在本地存储在用户手机上的。先前的系统允许用户搜索发布的令牌,以了解他们最近是否处于被诊断出患有该疾病的用户的邻近。但是,先前的方法在集合和查询令牌的收集和查询中没有提供端到端的隐私。特别是,这些方法很容易受到用户使用令牌元数据,服务器的链接攻击或用户错误报告的链接攻击。 在这项工作中,我们介绍了Epione,这是一种轻巧的系统,可通过强大的隐私保护进行接触。 Epione直接提醒用户,如果他们的任何联系人都被诊断出患有该疾病,同时保护了中央服务和其他用户的用户联系人的隐私,并提供了防止虚假报告的保护。作为关键构建块,我们提供了一种新的加密工具,用于安全的两党私人套件相交基数(PSI-CA),该工具允许两方(每个人都持有一组项目)学习两个私人组合的交叉点,而不揭示交叉点。我们专门针对大规模接触跟踪的情况,在该情况下,客户的输入集很小,服务器的标记数据库更大。
Contact tracing is an essential tool in containing infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Many countries and research groups have launched or announced mobile apps to facilitate contact tracing by recording contacts between users with some privacy considerations. Most of the focus has been on using random tokens, which are exchanged during encounters and stored locally on users' phones. Prior systems allow users to search over released tokens in order to learn if they have recently been in the proximity of a user that has since been diagnosed with the disease. However, prior approaches do not provide end-to-end privacy in the collection and querying of tokens. In particular, these approaches are vulnerable to either linkage attacks by users using token metadata, linkage attacks by the server, or false reporting by users. In this work, we introduce Epione, a lightweight system for contact tracing with strong privacy protections. Epione alerts users directly if any of their contacts have been diagnosed with the disease, while protecting the privacy of users' contacts from both central services and other users, and provides protection against false reporting. As a key building block, we present a new cryptographic tool for secure two-party private set intersection cardinality (PSI-CA), which allows two parties, each holding a set of items, to learn the intersection size of two private sets without revealing intersection items. We specifically tailor it to the case of large-scale contact tracing where clients have small input sets and the server's database of tokens is much larger.