论文标题
在明胶幻像中的针头转向的合成策略
Synthesizing Strategies for Needle Steering in Gelatin Phantoms
论文作者
论文摘要
在医学中,针头经常用于输送地下靶标的处理或从器官内部采集组织样品。当前的临床实践是在图像引导或触觉反馈下插入针头,尽管这可能涉及重新插入和调整,因为针头及其在插入过程中与组织的相互作用无法完全控制。 (自动化的)针头转向可以提高达到目标的准确性,从而减少手术创伤,尤其是对于微创手术,例如近距离术或活检。但是,柔性针和针线组织的相互作用既复杂又昂贵,并且通常只能在近似上计算。在本文中,我们建议采用定时游戏来浏览灵活的针头,并带有斜角尖端,以达到组织中的固定目标。我们使用针线组织相互作用的简单非独立模型,该模型尤其是从涉及的各种物理力中抽象出来的,并且与医学机器人技术相关的模型相比,它似乎很简单。基于模型,我们合成了策略,从中我们可以从中得出足够精确的运动计划,以将针引导到软组织中。但是,在实践中采用这些策略,一个人面临着在初始插入点的针头行为不可预测的问题。我们的建议是实施一个预处理步骤,以基于实际系统的数据初始化模型,一旦插入针头。考虑到实际的针尖角度和位置,我们生成策略以达到所需的目标。我们已经在Uppaal Stratego中实施了该模型,并在将明胶幻像的柔性针头转向时进行了评估。明胶幻影通常用于医疗技术中来模拟软组织的行为。实验表明,可以为生成和测量的针头运动合成策略,最大偏差为1.84mm。
In medicine, needles are frequently used to deliver treatments to subsurface targets or to take tissue samples from the inside of an organ. Current clinical practice is to insert needles under image guidance or haptic feedback, although that may involve reinsertions and adjustments since the needle and its interaction with the tissue during insertion cannot be completely controlled. (Automated) needle steering could in theory improve the accuracy with which a target is reached and thus reduce surgical traumata especially for minimally invasive procedures, e.g., brachytherapy or biopsy. Yet, flexible needles and needle-tissue interaction are both complex and expensive to model and can often be computed approximatively only. In this paper we propose to employ timed games to navigate flexible needles with a bevel tip to reach a fixed target in tissue. We use a simple non-holonomic model of needle-tissue interaction, which abstracts in particular from the various physical forces involved and appears to be simplistic compared to related models from medical robotics. Based on the model, we synthesize strategies from which we can derive sufficiently precise motion plans to steer the needle in soft tissue. However, applying those strategies in practice, one is faced with the problem of an unpredictable behavior of the needle at the initial insertion point. Our proposal is to implement a preprocessing step to initialize the model based on data from the real system, once the needle is inserted. Taking into account the actual needle tip angle and position, we generate strategies to reach the desired target. We have implemented the model in Uppaal Stratego and evaluated it on steering a flexible needle in gelatin phantoms; gelatin phantoms are commonly used in medical technology to simulate the behavior of soft tissue. The experiments show that strategies can be synthesized for both generated and measured needle motions with a maximum deviation of 1.84mm.