论文标题
一项可靠的安全和比例委员会的选举规则
A verifiably secure and proportional committee election rule
论文作者
论文摘要
基于批准的委员会选举中比例代表的财产已在社会选择文献中出现了一个多世纪,通常被理解为避免少数群体的人数不足。但是,我们认为,某些分布式系统的安全性直接与避免任何少数族裔的代表性过多的相反目标联系在一起,这一目标尚未正式化,这使我们实现了称为Maximin Support的优化目标。在对该目标的计算复杂性进行了彻底的分析之后,我们提出了一项新的有效的选举规则,该规则同时实现了a)对其进行恒定的因子近似保证,b)比例合理表示(PJR)的特性 - 最强的比例表示形式之一。但是,新规则的最引人注目的功能是,即使只有一个只能传达输出的不信任方执行算法,即使算法执行了算法,也可以在线性时间验证获胜委员会满足上述两个保证。结果,该规则可以调整为可验证的计算方案。此外,其验证程序很容易接收并行处理以提高效率。 我们的工作是由在区块链网络上的应用程序进行的,该网络实施了提名的证明证明,社区选举了验证者委员会参与共识协议,并防止代表过度代表保护网络免受对抗性少数群体的攻击。我们的选举规则可以实现具有对安全性和相称性的正式保证的验证选择协议,并且它作为具有并行验证的可验证计算方案的适应性证明是其成功实现的关键,因为区块链体系结构的计算有限的性质。
The property of proportional representation in approval-based committee elections has appeared in the social choice literature for over a century, and is typically understood as avoiding the underrepresentation of minorities. However, we argue that the security of some distributed systems is directly linked to the opposite goal of avoiding the overrepresentation of any minority, a goal not previously formalized that leads us to an optimization objective known as maximin support. After providing a thorough analysis of the computational complexity of this objective, we propose a new efficient election rule that simultaneously achieves a) a constant-factor approximation guarantee for it, and b) the property of proportional justified representation (PJR) - one of the strongest forms of proportional representation. However, the most striking feature of the new rule is that one can verify in linear time that the winning committee satisfies the two aforementioned guarantees, even when the algorithm is executed by an untrusted party who only communicates the output. As a result, the rule can be adapted into a verifiable computing scheme. Moreover, its verification procedure easily admits parallel processing for further efficiency. Our work is motivated by an application on blockchain networks that implement Nominated Proof-of-Stake, where the community elects a committee of validators to participate in the consensus protocol, and where preventing overrepresentation protects the network against attacks by an adversarial minority. Our election rule enables a validator selection protocol with formal guarantees on security and proportionality, and its adaptation as a verifiable computing scheme with a parallelized verification proves to be key for its successful implementation given the computationally limited nature of the blockchain architecture.