论文标题
量子过程的不确定性原理
The Uncertainty Principle of Quantum Processes
论文作者
论文摘要
海森伯格的不确定性原理对我们预测不兼容的量子测量结果的能力施加了内在的限制,这表明了经典力学和量子力学之间的关键差异之一。不确定性原理中考虑的物理系统本质上是静态的,并且在希尔伯特空间中使用量子状态进行了数学描述。但是,许多物理系统本质上是动态的,并用量子通道的形式主义描述。在本文中,我们表明可以将不确定性原则重新重新制定,以包括在量子通道上执行的过程测量。由于量子状态和量子测量本身都是量子通道的特殊情况,因此我们的形式主义以其最大的一般性封装了不确定性原理。更具体地说,我们获得了概括Maassen-Fubink不确定性关系以及从量子状态到量子通道的普遍不确定性关系的表达式。
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, which imposes intrinsic restrictions on our ability to predict the outcomes of incompatible quantum measurements to arbitrary precision, demonstrates one of the key differences between classical and quantum mechanics. The physical systems considered in the uncertainty principle are static in nature and described mathematically with a quantum state in a Hilbert space. However, many physical systems are dynamic in nature and described with the formalism of a quantum channel. In this paper, we show that the uncertainty principle can be reformulated to include process-measurements that are performed on quantum channels. Since both quantum states and quantum measurements are themselves special cases of quantum channels, our formalism encapsulates the uncertainty principle in its utmost generality. More specifically, we obtain expressions that generalize the Maassen-Uffink uncertainty relation and the universal uncertainty relations from quantum states to quantum channels.