论文标题
温暖的亚质HAT-P-12B的光学到近红外传输光谱
Optical to near-infrared transmission spectrum of the warm sub-Saturn HAT-P-12b
论文作者
论文摘要
我们通过从哈勃太空望远镜太空望远镜成像光谱仪（STIS）和宽场摄像头3（WFC3）和Spitzer获得的数据进行联合分析来介绍HAT-P-12B的传输频谱，覆盖了波长范围0.3-5.0 $ $ $ m。我们在1.4 $ $ $ m的云中检测到柔和的水蒸气吸收特征，以及小颗粒的光学指示的瑞利散射斜率。我们使用最先进的大气检索代码猩红色和气溶胶微物理学模型Carma来解释传输光谱。这些模型表明，HAT-P-12B的大气与几十至几百次太阳能，大致太阳能/O比和中等有效的垂直混合之间的广泛金属范围一致。包括冷凝水云的云模型不容易产生重现观察到的瑞利散射斜率所需的亚微米颗粒，而融合了由烟灰或托林斯组成的光化学危险的模型能够匹配完整的变速箱光谱。从Spitzer对次生黯淡的互补分析中，我们获得了$ 0.042 \％\ pm0.013 \％$和$ 0.045 \％\％\％\％\％\％\％\％\％\％$ 3.6和4.5 $ $ m的$ 0.045 \％\％\％$，分别与$ 890^$ 890^^$ 890^{+$ 890^^^{+$ 890^^{+$ 890，有效的昼夜再循环。 HAT-P-12B加入了越来越多的良好的温暖星球，这些星球强调了我们对系外行星气氛的理解中云和危险的重要性。
We present the transmission spectrum of HAT-P-12b through a joint analysis of data obtained from the Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) and Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) and Spitzer, covering the wavelength range 0.3-5.0 $μ$m. We detect a muted water vapor absorption feature at 1.4 $μ$m attenuated by clouds, as well as a Rayleigh scattering slope in the optical indicative of small particles. We interpret the transmission spectrum using both the state-of-the-art atmospheric retrieval code SCARLET and the aerosol microphysics model CARMA. These models indicate that the atmosphere of HAT-P-12b is consistent with a broad range of metallicities between several tens to a few hundred times solar, a roughly solar C/O ratio, and moderately efficient vertical mixing. Cloud models that include condensate clouds do not readily generate the sub-micron particles necessary to reproduce the observed Rayleigh scattering slope, while models that incorporate photochemical hazes composed of soot or tholins are able to match the full transmission spectrum. From a complementary analysis of secondary eclipses by Spitzer, we obtain measured depths of $0.042\%\pm0.013\%$ and $0.045\%\pm0.018\%$ at 3.6 and 4.5 $μ$m, respectively, which are consistent with a blackbody temperature of $890^{+60}_{-70}$ K and indicate efficient day-night heat recirculation. HAT-P-12b joins the growing number of well-characterized warm planets that underscore the importance of clouds and hazes in our understanding of exoplanet atmospheres.
