论文标题
双态概率：研究古典和量子游戏中理性和非理性的统一框架
Bistable Probabilities: A Unified Framework for Studying Rationality and Irrationality in Classical and Quantum Games
论文作者
论文摘要
本文提出了一个统一的概率框架，允许在古典游戏和量子游戏中对理论和非理性决策进行理论和非理性决策。理性选择理论是游戏理论模型的基本组成部分，该理论模型假设决策者根据其偏好选择了最佳动作。在本文中，我们将非理性定义为与理性选择的偏差。提出了双态概率作为对游戏中非理性决策进行建模的原则性直接手段。分析了古典和量子囚犯困境，雄鹿狩猎和鸡肉的双重变体，以评估非理性对特工效用和纳什均衡的影响。发现所有三场古典双重游戏都有多达三个NASH均衡，并且在代理商合理的情况下达到了最大效用。对于所有三个量子双重游戏，最多三个NASH平衡都存在，但是，根据较高的代理非理性性水平，公用事业均增加了。
This article presents a unified probabilistic framework that allows both rational and irrational decision making to be theoretically investigated and simulated in classical and quantum games. Rational choice theory is a basic component of game theoretic models, which assumes that a decision maker chooses the best action according to their preferences. In this article, we define irrationality as a deviation from a rational choice. Bistable probabilities are proposed as a principled and straight forward means for modeling irrational decision making in games. Bistable variants of classical and quantum Prisoner's Dilemma, Stag Hunt and Chicken are analyzed in order to assess the effect of irrationality on agent utility and Nash equilibria. It was found that up to three Nash equilibria exist for all three classical bistable games and maximal utility was attained when agents were rational. Up to three Nash equilibria exist for all three quantum bistable games, however, utility was shown to increase according to higher levels of agent irrationality.
