论文标题
眼睛和大脑如何搜索一个随机结构的非信息场景？利用关注和记忆的基本相互作用
How do eyes and brain search a randomly structured uninformative scene? Exploiting a basic interplay of attention and memory
论文作者
论文摘要
我们跟踪了七名年轻和七个老年人的眼睛运动，这些搜索任务类似于两只训练有素的猴子在Motter and Belky（1998a，1998b）的最初有影响力的研究中进行的。我们获得了与他们有关感知，选择，注意力和对象识别元素的结果一致的结果，但是我们发现长期记忆的作用更大。最初的Motter-Belky研究中的设计不足不足以解释这种差异，也不足以解释其猴子的高水平训练。也许猴子和人类在基本的视觉搜索任务中不同步使用助记符资源，这与共同的期望相反，并得到了皮质代表研究的进一步支持。我们还发现了与年龄相关的眼睛运动的差异，始终表明老年人的显着性领域略有减少，因此，处理能力和记忆能力相应地降低了。但是，由于样本量和年龄差异的局限性，仅在几个变量（尤其是总体反应时间）上发现统计学上的显着差异。此处报告的结果为证明眼动轨迹中螺旋或循环模式的形成以及开发相应的计算模型和仿真提供了基础。
We tracked the eye movements of seven young and seven older adults performing a conjunctive visual search task similar to that performed by two highly trained monkeys in an original influential study of Motter and Belky (1998a, 1998b). We obtained results consistent with theirs regarding elements of perception, selection, attention and object recognition, but we found a much greater role played by long-range memory. A design inadequacy in the original Motter-Belky study is not sufficient to explain such discrepancy, nor is the high level of training of their monkeys. Perhaps monkeys and humans do not use mnemonic resources compatibly already in basic visual search tasks, contrary to a common expectation, further supported by cortical representation studies. We also found age-related differences in various measures of eye movements, consistently indicating slightly reduced conspicuity areas for the older adults, hence, correspondingly reduced processing and memory capacities. However, because of sample size and age differential limitations, statistically significant differences were found only for a few variables, most notably overall reaction times. Results reported here provide the basis for demonstrating the formation of spiraling or circulating patterns in the eye movement trajectories and for developing corresponding computational models and simulations.
