论文标题
匿名搭配发现：利用隐私驯服冠状病毒
Anonymous Collocation Discovery: Harnessing Privacy to Tame the Coronavirus
论文作者
论文摘要
成功地遏制冠状病毒大流行是基于快速，可靠地识别那些与传染性个体密切相近的人的能力。这样做的现有工具依赖于冗长时间段内个人的确切位置信息的收集，并将这些信息与其他个人信息相结合。在国家规模上，这种对个人隐私的前所未有的侵占产生了强烈的抗议，并有可能拒绝这些工具。 我们提出了一种替代方案：一个非常简单的方案，用于向处于受感染者附近的用户提供细粒度和及时的警报。至关重要的是，这是在保留所有个人的匿名性的同时，而无需收集或存储任何个人信息或位置历史记录。我们的方法是基于使用所有现代手机中使用的短距离通信机制，例如蓝牙。它可以在很少的基础架构中部署，并且与其他搭配方法相比，它的假阳性率相对较低。我们还描述了许多扩展和权衡。 我们认为，该计划提供的隐私保证将鼓励快速和广泛的自愿采用。当结合足够的测试能力和医疗保健专业人员的现有最佳实践时，我们希望这可以大大降低感染率。
Successful containment of the Coronavirus pandemic rests on the ability to quickly and reliably identify those who have been in close proximity to a contagious individual. Existing tools for doing so rely on the collection of exact location information of individuals over lengthy time periods, and combining this information with other personal information. This unprecedented encroachment on individual privacy at national scales has created an outcry and risks rejection of these tools. We propose an alternative: an extremely simple scheme for providing fine-grained and timely alerts to users who have been in the close vicinity of an infected individual. Crucially, this is done while preserving the anonymity of all individuals, and without collecting or storing any personal information or location history. Our approach is based on using short-range communication mechanisms, like Bluetooth, that are available in all modern cell phones. It can be deployed with very little infrastructure, and incurs a relatively low false-positive rate compared to other collocation methods. We also describe a number of extensions and tradeoffs. We believe that the privacy guarantees provided by the scheme will encourage quick and broad voluntary adoption. When combined with sufficient testing capacity and existing best practices from healthcare professionals, we hope that this may significantly reduce the infection rate.
