论文标题
利用公民科学家经营的小型望远镜进行过渡系外行星的随访
Utilizing Small Telescopes Operated by Citizen Scientists for Transiting Exoplanet Follow-up
论文作者
论文摘要
由于众多地面调查以及NASA的开普勒和苔丝所做的努力,将有数百个(即使不是数千个)传播外科行星,非常适合通过频谱和诸如JWST和Ariel之类的大型平台进行大气表征。但是,他们下一个预测的中期时间可能会变得越来越不确定,以至于需要大量开销来确保检测整个过境。结果,对这些超球门气氛表征表征的后续观察将需要效率较低的观测站时间 - 这是一个大型平台的问题,在大型平台中,最小化观察开销是必要的。在这里,我们证明了经营较小的观测站的公民科学家的力量($ \ le $ 1-m),以保持滨海剂的“新鲜”,在此定义为当中期中期的1 $σ$不确定性小于过境持续时间的一半。我们倡导建立社区范围的努力,以对公民科学家对过境系外行星进行阵地维护。甚至可以使用6英寸望远镜进行此类观察,该望远镜有可能节省多达1000个行星调查的$ \ sim $ 10,000〜天。基于对单个6英寸微型驾驶望远镜的14次转移的初步分析,我们从经验上估算了小型望远镜使社区受益的能力。由公民科学家运行的小型镜网网络的观察能够将恒星混合物解决到5'/pixel以内,可以在短基线苔丝田地内进行长时间的跟进,以0.67 \%$ \%$ \%$ \%$ \%\%的平面图,并搜索11.3 V-mag silt and Planets,并监控时期的恒星变异性,并构成11.3 V-Mag的群体,并过时的时间变化大于两分钟。
Due to the efforts by numerous ground-based surveys and NASA's Kepler and TESS, there will be hundreds, if not thousands, of transiting exoplanets ideal for atmospheric characterization via spectroscopy with large platforms such as JWST and ARIEL. However their next predicted mid-transit time could become so increasingly uncertain over time that significant overhead would be required to ensure the detection of the entire transit. As a result, follow-up observations to characterize these exoplanetary atmospheres would require less-efficient use of an observatory's time---which is an issue for large platforms where minimizing observing overheads is a necessity. Here we demonstrate the power of citizen scientists operating smaller observatories ($\le$1-m) to keep ephemerides "fresh", defined here as when the 1$σ$ uncertainty in the mid-transit time is less than half the transit duration. We advocate for the creation of a community-wide effort to perform ephemeris maintenance on transiting exoplanets by citizen scientists. Such observations can be conducted with even a 6-inch telescope, which has the potential to save up to $\sim$10,000~days for a 1000-planet survey. Based on a preliminary analysis of 14 transits from a single 6-inch MicroObservatory telescope, we empirically estimate the ability of small telescopes to benefit the community. Observations with a small-telescope network operated by citizen scientists are capable of resolving stellar blends to within 5''/pixel, can follow-up long period transits in short-baseline TESS fields, monitor epoch-to-epoch stellar variability at a precision 0.67\%$\pm$0.12\% for a 11.3 V-mag star, and search for new planets or constrain the masses of known planets with transit timing variations greater than two minutes.