论文标题
量子集体模型中的异常热化
Anomalous Thermalization in Quantum Collective Models
论文作者
论文摘要
我们表明，显然是热态的状态仍然存储有关其过去的相关信息，这些信息可以通过涉及非平衡过程的实验来跟踪的信息。我们提供了微型量子量子弯曲定理的条件，并通过数值实验对其进行测试。在Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick模型中，导致相同均衡状态的两个不同的程序在非平衡过程中产生了不同的工作统计数据。在Dicke模型中，相同非平衡协议的两个不同轨迹产生了不同的工作统计数据。在所有情况下，微型人道平均值为物理可观察物的预期值提供了正确的结果；其中一些微型量子Crookś定理失败。我们得出的结论是，测试量子波动定理必须验证系统是否适当热化。
We show that apparently thermalized states still store relevant amounts of information about their past, information that can be tracked by experiments involving nonequilibrium processes. We provide a condition for the microcanonical quantum Crookś theorem, and we test it by means of numerical experiments. In the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model, two different procedures leading to the same equilibrium states give rise to different statistics of work in nonequilibrium processes. In the Dicke model, two different trajectories for the same nonequilibrium protocol produce different statistics of work. Microcanonical averages provide the correct results for the expectation values of physical observables in all the cases; the microcanonical quantum Crookś theorem fails in some of them. We conclude that testing quantum fluctuation theorems is mandatory to verify if a system is properly thermalized.
