论文标题

简化安全持续性非易失性内存的完整性树更新

Streamlining Integrity Tree Updates for Secure Persistent Non-Volatile Memory

论文作者

Freij, Alexander, Yuan, Shougang, Zhou, Huiyang, Solihin, Yan

论文摘要

新兴的非易失性主内存(NVMM)正在迅速集成到计算机系统中。但是,NVMM容易受到潜在的数据延迟和重播攻击的影响。 已经针对此类数据完整性攻击引入了建立的安全模型,包括分式计数器模式加密和盆景Merkle树(BMT)身份验证。但是,这些安全方法与NVMM不容易兼容。有关安全NVMM的最新作品指出了对数据及其元数据的需求,包括计数器,消息身份验证代码(MAC)和BMT在原子上持续存在。但是,对于安全NVMM而言,内存持久性模型已被忽略,这对于碰撞可恢复性至关重要。 在这项工作中,我们分析了需要确保需要确保的不变性,以支持安全NVMM的崩溃恢复。我们强调,先前的研究大大低估了BMT持久性的成本,并提出了几种优化技术,以减少原子上持续持续更新的开销。提出的优化探索了管道式,级别的写入和更新合并的使用,同时分别符合严格的或时期的持久性模型。我们评估我们的工作,并表明我们提出的优化可以大大降低安全NVMM的性能开销,并在碰撞可恢复性的情况下。

Emerging non-volatile main memory (NVMM) is rapidly being integrated into computer systems. However, NVMM is vulnerable to potential data remanence and replay attacks. Established security models including split counter mode encryption and Bonsai Merkle tree (BMT) authentication have been introduced against such data integrity attacks. However, these security methods are not readily compatible with NVMM. Recent works on secure NVMM pointed out the need for data and its metadata, including the counter, the message authentication code (MAC), and the BMT to be persisted atomically. However, memory persistency models have been overlooked for secure NVMM, which is essential for crash recoverability. In this work, we analyze the invariants that need to be ensured in order to support crash recovery for secure NVMM. We highlight that prior research has substantially under-estimated the cost of BMT persistence and propose several optimization techniques to reduce the overhead of atomically persisting updates to BMTs. The optimizations proposed explore the use of pipelining, out-of-order writes, and update coalescing while conforming to strict or epoch persistency models respectively. We evaluate our work and show that our proposed optimizations significantly reduce the performance overhead of secure NVMM with crash recoverability.

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