论文标题
转移性黑色素瘤-A当前和未来观点的评论
Metastatic melanoma-A review of current and future perspective
论文作者
论文摘要
转移性黑色素瘤是西方国家中第五大最常见的癌症，也是在美国被诊断出的最常见的恶性肿瘤，是全世界最致命的治疗癌症。除了活性氧（ROS）外，已知编码受体和非受体酪氨酸/宁静/苏氨酸蛋白激酶的突变与其病因有关。激酶是细胞存活，生长以及增殖和迁移的分子参与者，通过各种信号转导途径介导了它们的作用。以前已经发现许多这种分子玩家在黑色素瘤中被突变和超磷酸化。虽然，已从美国食品和药物管理（FDA）批准了几种全身治疗，包括细胞毒性化疗，靶向药物，激素疗法，放射治疗，生物化学疗法和抑制免疫系统阴性调节的疗法。然而，迄今为止，尚无全身治疗改变其生存终点，手术仍然为晚期和转移性黑色素瘤提供了主要治疗选择，因为其对系统性药物的高度耐药性，高度严重，威胁生命或致命的副作用以及非令人满意的总体反应率。因此，仍然需要开发针对黑色素瘤肿瘤独特的分子特征的疗法。
Metastatic Melanoma, the fifth most common cancer in the western countries and the most common malignancy diagnosed in United States present itself as the most lethal treatment resistant cancer worldwide. In addition to the reactive oxygen species(ROS), mutations in the genes encoding receptors and non-receptor tyrosine/serene/threonine protein kinases are known to be involved in its etiology. Kinases are molecular players of cell survival, growth, and proliferation and migration that mediate their effects via various signal transduction pathways. A number of such molecular players have been previously found to be mutated and hyper phosphorylated in melanoma. Although, several systemic therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, targeted drugs, hormonal therapy, radiation therapy, bio-chemotherapy, and therapies that inhibit negative regulation of immune system have been approved from U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for metastatic melanoma treatment. However, no systemic therapy has meaningfully changed its survival end points so far and surgery still presents primary treatment option for advanced and metastatic melanomaa due to its highly resistant nature towards systemic drugs, high rate of severe, life-threatening, or fatal side effects, and un satisfactory overall response rate. Therefore, there is still a need to develop therapies that target the unique molecular profile of melanoma tumors.
