论文标题
对部署的高铁（HSR）系统对社会经济和环境影响的系统和分析综述
A Systematic and Analytical Review of the Socioeconomic and Environmental Impact of the Deployed High-Speed Rail (HSR) Systems on the World
论文作者
论文摘要
在过去的二十年中，世界在世界上安装高铁导致了重大的社会经济和环境变化。美国拥有世界上最长的铁路网络，但重点是承载各种负载，包括煤炭，农作物，工业产品，商业用品和其他混合货物。美国的货运和乘客服务可以追溯到1970年，两者均由私人铁路公司进行。从19世纪后期到20世纪中叶，铁路是城市之间的主要运输方式。但是，生产的快速增长和技术的进步改变了这些动态。在美国旅行的舒适性和愉悦性的激烈竞争以及美国航空服务的扩散使联邦和州的预算用于机动车基础设施，这使得对铁路的需求在1950年代停止了。目前，美国没有高速火车，除了东北走廊的Amtrak S Acela线的部分外，仅在457英里跨度的34英里处，可以达到150英里 /小时。纽约和波士顿之间的平均速度约为65英里 /小时。另一方面，中国拥有世界上最快，最大的高速铁路网络，其中超过19,000英里，其中绝大多数是在过去的十年中建造的。日本的子弹列车每小时可以达到近200英里，并可以追溯到1960年代。该系统移动了超过90亿人，没有一次乘客伤亡。在这项系统的综述中，我们研究了高铁（HSR）对美国和其他国家的影响，包括法国，日本，德国，意大利和中国在能源消耗，土地使用，经济发展，旅行行为，时间使用，人类健康和生活质量方面的影响。
The installation of high-speed rail in the world during the last two decades resulted in significant socioeconomic and environmental changes. The U.S. has the longest rail network in the world, but the focus is on carrying a wide variety of loads including coal, farm crops, industrial products, commercial goods, and miscellaneous mixed shipments. Freight and passenger services in the U.S. dates to 1970, with both carried out by private railway companies. Railways were the main means of transport between cities from the late 19th century through the middle of the 20th century. However, rapid growth in production and improvements in technologies changed those dynamics. The fierce competition for comfortability and pleasantness in passenger travel and the proliferation of aviation services in the U.S. channeled federal and state budgets towards motor vehicle infrastructure, which brought demand for railroads to a halt in the 1950s. Presently, the U.S. has no high-speed trains, aside from sections of Amtrak s Acela line in the Northeast Corridor that can reach 150 mph for only 34 miles of its 457-mile span. The average speed between New York and Boston is about 65 mph. On the other hand, China has the world s fastest and largest high-speed rail network, with more than 19,000 miles, of which the vast majority was built in the past decade. Japan s bullet trains can reach nearly 200 miles per hour and dates to the 1960s. That system moved more than 9 billion people without a single passenger casualty. In this systematic review, we studied the effect of High-Speed Rail (HSR) on the U.S. and other countries including France, Japan, Germany, Italy, and China in terms of energy consumption, land use, economic development, travel behavior, time use, human health, and quality of life.
