论文标题

$ n $选项之间的动力,基于价值的决策

Dynamical, value-based decision making among $N$ options

论文作者

Reverdy, Paul

论文摘要

决策是自治系统的基本能力。由于决策是一个随着时间的流逝而发生的过程,因此它可以通过动态系统进行很好的建模。通常,根据基础选项的感知值做出决定,所需的结果是选择具有最高值的选项。这可以编码为分叉,该分叉产生与高价值选项相对应的稳定平衡。当某些选项具有相同的值时,很自然地设计决策模型在同样值得的选项中无关紧要,从而导致基础动力学系统中的对称性。例如,当所有$ n $选项都具有相同的值时,动态系统应具有$ s_n $对称性。不幸的是,构建一个动态系统,该系统展开$ s_n $ -smmetric的干草叉分叉是非平凡的。在本文中,我们开发了一种方法,可以用一个对称组的对称组来构建干草叉分叉的展开,该组是$ s_n $的重要子组。该构建首先将$ n $选项之间的决定分解为二进制树中编码的$ N-1 $二进制决策的层次组。通过将标准的$ S_2 $ - 对称的干草叉分叉与这些二进制决策相关联,我们开发了对干草叉分叉的展开,并与对应于基础二进制树的同构的对称性。

Decision making is a fundamental capability of autonomous systems. As decision making is a process which happens over time, it can be well modeled by dynamical systems. Often, decisions are made on the basis of perceived values of the underlying options and the desired outcome is to select the option with the highest value. This can be encoded as a bifurcation which produces a stable equilibrium corresponding to the high-value option. When some options have identical values, it is natural to design the decision-making model to be indifferent among the equally-valued options, leading to symmetries in the underlying dynamical system. For example, when all $N$ options have identical values, the dynamical system should have $S_N$ symmetry. Unfortunately, constructing a dynamical system that unfolds the $S_N$-symmetric pitchfork bifurcation is non-trivial. In this paper, we develop a method to construct an unfolding of the pitchfork bifurcation with a symmetry group that is a significant subgroup of $S_N$. The construction begins by parsing the decision among $N$ options into a hierarchical set of $N-1$ binary decisions encoded in a binary tree. By associating the unfolding of a standard $S_2$-symmetric pitchfork bifurcation with each of these binary decisions, we develop an unfolding of the pitchfork bifurcation with symmetries corresponding to isomorphisms of the underlying binary tree.

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