论文标题
夸克gluon等离子体的极化和涡度
Polarization and Vorticity in the Quark Gluon Plasma
论文作者
论文摘要
超偏见的重核之间碰撞产生的夸克 - 杜伦等离子体在流体动力学的语言中得到很好的描述。非中心碰撞的特征是非常大的角动量，在流体系统中表现为流量涡度。这种旋转结构可以导致哈德子的自旋极化，最终从血浆中浮出水面，从而在前所未有的细节中提供了对流量亚结构的实验访问。最近，据报道，沿碰撞角动量方向的$λ$超子极化的首次观察。这些测量与基于流体动力和基于运输的计算相吻合，并表明QGP是有史以来最涡流的流体。但是，理论和观察之间仍然存在重要的紧张关系，这本质上可能是基本的。在相对成熟的重离子物理学领域中，碰撞的全球超阴性极化和三维模拟的发现开辟了一个全新的研究方向。我们讨论了这个快速发展的领域的当前状态以及未来研究的方向。
The quark-gluon plasma produced by collisions between ultra-relativistic heavy nuclei is well described in the language of hydrodynamics. Non-central collisions are characterized by very large angular momentum, which in a fluid system manifests as flow vorticity. This rotational structure can lead to a spin polarization of the hadrons that eventually emerge from the plasma, providing experimental access to flow substructure at unprecedented detail. Recently, first observations of $Λ$ hyperon polarization along the direction of collisional angular momentum have been reported. These measurements are in broad agreement with hydrodynamic and transport-based calculations and reveal that the QGP is the most vortical fluid ever observed. However, there remain important tensions between theory and observation which might be fundamental in nature. In the relatively mature field of heavy ion physics, the discovery of global hyperon polarization and three-dimensional simulations of the collision have opened an entirely new direction of research. We discuss the current status of this rapidly developing area and directions for future research.
