论文标题

TYCHO-实际上在恒星簇中模拟系外行星i:改进蒙特卡洛方法

TYCHO -- Realistically Simulating Exoplanets within Stellar Clusters I: Improving the Monte Carlo Approach

论文作者

Glaser, Joseph P., McMillan, Stephen L. W., Geller, Aaron M., Thornton, Jonathan D., Giovinazzi, Mark R.

论文摘要

为了充分了解系外行星的多样化人群,我们必须在开放群体中研究他们的早期生活,这是大多数质量$> 55万美元\ odot $(包括目前在现场)的大多数恒星的发源地。确实,当我们在聚类环境中观察行星时,我们会注意到高度偏心和奇数的系统,这些系统表明,与其他物体相互作用(如HD 285507B)所产生的动态途径的重要性。但是,事实证明,很难研究这些效果,因为许多当前用于多尺度$ n $ body问题的数值求解器被简化且范围有限。为了解决这一问题,我们旨在创建一个物理完整的计算解决方案,以探索恒星近距离相遇和行星际相互作用在生产开放群集星和田间星星的观察到的系外行星种群中的作用。我们提出了一种新的代码Tycho,该代码采用了各种不同的计算技术,包括多种$ n $体内集成方法,近距离遭遇处理,修改的蒙特卡洛散射实验以及各种经验知情的初始条件。我们将详细讨论该方法及其在Amuse软件框架中的实现。大约1 $ \%$的系统迅速被星明星遭遇造成了流氓行星发生率的贡献。此外,我们发现,扰动长期行星的近距离接触导致38.3 $ \%$ $ \%的类似太阳系的行星系统变得长期不稳定。

To fully understand the diverse population of exoplanets, we must study their early lives within open clusters, the birthplace of most stars with masses $>0.5M_\odot$ (including those currently in the field). Indeed, when we observe planets within clustered environments, we notice highly eccentric and odd systems that suggest the importance of dynamical pathways created by interactions with additional bodies (as in the case of HD 285507b). However, it has proven difficult to investigate these effects, as many current numerical solvers for the multi-scale $N$-body problem are simplified and limited in scope. To remedy this, we aim to create a physically complete computational solution to explore the role of stellar close encounters and interplanetary interactions in producing the observed exoplanet populations for both open cluster stars and field stars. We present a new code, TYCHO, which employs a variety of different computational techniques, including multiple $N$-body integration methods, close encounter handling, modified Monte Carlo scattering experiments, and a variety of empirically informed initial conditions. We discuss the methodology in detail, and its implementation within the AMUSE software framework. Approximately 1$\%$ of our systems are promptly disrupted by star-star encounters contributing to the rogue planets occurrence rate. Additionally, we find that close encounters which perturb long-period planets lead to 38.3$\%$ of solar-system-like planetary systems becoming long-term unstable.

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