论文标题
$ 3 $级别的系统在投影测量中的量子热关系
Quantum-heat fluctuation relations in $3$-level systems under projective measurements
论文作者
论文摘要
我们研究了经受一系列射击量子测量的三级量子系统中能量波动的统计。如预期的那样，我们检查了量子jarzynski平等所保持的，只要初始状态是热状态即可。对于两级系统，后者的条件非常满足，而对于$ n $级别的系统通常不再是正确的，$ n> 2 $。专注于三级系统，我们讨论了唯一的能量尺度因子$β_ {\ rm eff} $的出现，该因子正式在jarzynski平等中正式扮演着有效的反向温度的作用。为此，我们根据热和非热成分引入了初始状态的适当参数化。我们为大量测量值确定$β_ {\ rm eff} $的值，并研究其对初始状态的依赖性。我们的预测可以通过量子光学元件进行实验检查。
We study the statistics of energy fluctuations in a three-level quantum system subject to a sequence of projective quantum measurements. We check that, as expected, the quantum Jarzynski equality holds provided that the initial state is thermal. The latter condition is trivially satisfied for two-level systems, while this is generally no longer true for $N$-level systems, with $N > 2$. Focusing on three-level systems, we discuss the occurrence of a unique energy scale factor $β_{\rm eff}$ that formally plays the role of an effective inverse temperature in the Jarzynski equality. To this aim, we introduce a suitable parametrization of the initial state in terms of a thermal and a non-thermal component. We determine the value of $β_{\rm eff}$ for a large number of measurements and study its dependence on the initial state. Our predictions could be checked experimentally in quantum optics.
