论文标题

Cassiopeia A,Cygnus A,Taurus A和处女座A以超低无线电频率

Cassiopeia A, Cygnus A, Taurus A, and Virgo A at ultra-low radio frequencies

论文作者

de Gasperin, F., Vink, J., McKean, J. P., Asgekar, A., Bentum, M. J., Blaauw, R., Bonafede, A., Bruggen, M., Breitling, F., Brouw, W. N., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., Cuciti, V., de Vos, M., Duscha, S., Eisloffel, J., Engels, D., Fallows, R. A., Franzen, T. M. O., Garrett, M. A., Gunst, A. W., Horandel, J., Heald, G., Koopmans, L. V. E., Krankowski, A., Maat, P., Mann, G., Mevius, M., Miley, G., Nelles, A., Norden, M. J., Offringa, A. R., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pizzo, R., Reich, W., Rowlinson, A., Schwarz, D. J., Shulevski, A., Smirnov, O., Soida, M., Tagger, M., Toribio, M. C., van Ardenne, A., van der Horst, A. J., van Haarlem, M. P., van Weeren, R. J., Vocks, C., Wucknitz, O., Zarka, P., Zucca, P.

论文摘要

在米的波长下,北天天空中的四个持久无线电源是Cassiopeia A,Cygnus A,Taurus A和处女座A;他们共同称为A团队。它们在超低频率(<100 MHz)处的通量密度可以达到数千个Janskys,并且经常通过干扰图像处理来污染低频天空的观察结果。此外,这些来源是全天空观测的前景对象,阻碍了微弱信号的研究,例如宇宙学的21 cm线,从回报时期开始。 我们旨在为表面亮度发射生成强大的模型,这是超低频率下A团队源的频率的函数。这些模型需要使用低频干涉仪进行校准和成像。这需要比15 Arcsec更好地以高动态范围和良好的图像保真度获得图像。 我们使用低带天线(LBA)系统在30 MHz和77 MHz之间观察到具有低频阵列(LOFAR)的A团队。我们减少了数据集并为每个A-Team源获得了图像。 该论文为Cassiopeia A,Cygnus A,Taurus A和处女座的最佳模型提供了迄今为止的最佳模型。在所有情况下,我们都能获得瞄准的分辨率和动态范围。由于其紧凑性和复杂性,将需要对国际洛法望远镜的长基线进行观察,以进一步改善Cygnus a的源模型。

The four persistent radio sources in the northern sky with the highest flux density at metre wavelengths are Cassiopeia A, Cygnus A, Taurus A, and Virgo A; collectively they are called the A-team. Their flux densities at ultra-low frequencies (<100 MHz) can reach several thousands of janskys, and they often contaminate observations of the low-frequency sky by interfering with image processing. Furthermore, these sources are foreground objects for all-sky observations hampering the study of faint signals, such as the cosmological 21 cm line from the epoch of reionisation. We aim to produce robust models for the surface brightness emission as a function of frequency for the A-team sources at ultra-low frequencies. These models are needed for the calibration and imaging of wide-area surveys of the sky with low-frequency interferometers. This requires obtaining images at an angular resolution better than 15 arcsec with a high dynamic range and good image fidelity. We observed the A-team with the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) at frequencies between 30 MHz and 77 MHz using the Low Band Antenna (LBA) system. We reduced the datasets and obtained an image for each A-team source. The paper presents the best models to date for the sources Cassiopeia A, Cygnus A, Taurus A, and Virgo A between 30 MHz and 77 MHz. We were able to obtain the aimed resolution and dynamic range in all cases. Owing to its compactness and complexity, observations with the long baselines of the International LOFAR Telescope will be required to improve the source model for Cygnus A further.

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