论文标题
量子热力学的第一和第二定律：基于熵的微观定义的一致推导
First and Second Law of Quantum Thermodynamics: A Consistent Derivation Based on a Microscopic Definition of Entropy
论文作者
论文摘要
从微观图片中得出热力学定律是对统计力学的核心追求。本教程的重点是远离均衡的封闭和开放量子系统的第一和第二定律的推导，在这种情况下，这些基本问题也与新兴的纳米技术也相关。该推导基于五个基本数量的微观定义：内部能量，热力学熵，工作，热量和温度。这些定义显示出满足大量状态和过程的非平衡热力学的现象学定律。证明了与先前结果的一致性。该框架适用于多个浴室，包括粒子运输和用来以浴缸温度变化（通过显微镜确定）的过程。满足了用于熵产生的整体波动定理。总而言之，本教程引入了一个一致且多功能的框架，以理解和应用量子制度及其他方面的热力学定律。
Deriving the laws of thermodynamics from a microscopic picture is a central quest of statistical mechanics. This tutorial focuses on the derivation of the first and second law for closed and open quantum systems far from equilibrium, where such foundational questions also become practically relevant for emergent nanotechnologies. The derivation is based on a microscopic definition of five essential quantities: internal energy, thermodynamic entropy, work, heat and temperature. These definitions are shown to satisfy the phenomenological laws of nonequilibrium thermodynamics for a large class of states and processes. The consistency with previous results is demonstrated. The framework applies to multiple baths including particle transport and accounts for processes with, e.g., a changing temperature of the bath, which is determined microscopically. An integral fluctuation theorem for entropy production is satisfied. In summary, this tutorial introduces a consistent and versatile framework to understand and apply the laws of thermodynamics in the quantum regime and beyond.
